Isolation and detection of genotoxic components in a Black River sediment

Wr, West; Pa, Smith; Gm, Booth; Ml, Lee

doi:10.1021/es00167a016

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A significant induction of DNA-damage and clastogenic events has been commonly observed in samples containing high PAH concentrations [Chen and White, 2004] implying that these bioassays are sensitive to PAH contamination. Furthermore, comparisons with the Salmonella mutagenicity assay have indicated that the mammalian cell assays could be more sensitive in some cases [Fabacher et al, 1988;West et al, 1988;Chen and White, 2004]. However, cytotoxicity and metabolism are likely to influence the genotoxic responses in complex mixtures, implying that the genotoxicity of sediments may be over-or underestimated and that a coordinated union of bioassays and chemical analyses is necessary to estimate the total genotoxic hazard of aquatic environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of river sediments from industrialized and unaffected areas using a battery of short‐term bioassays

Aouadene¹,

Giorgio²,

Sarrazin³

et al. 2008

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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The present investigation evaluated the capacity of the Salmonella mutagenicity test, the comet assay, and the micronucleus assay to detect and characterize the genotoxic profile of river sediments. Three stations were selected on an urban river (Bouches du Rhône, France) exposed to various sources of industrial and urban pollution (StA, StB, and StC) and one station on its tributary (StD). One station in a nonurban river was included (REF). The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by HPLC, and the genotoxicity of the sediments was monitored by the Salmonella mutagenicity test (TA98 + S9, YG1041 +/- S9), the comet assay, and the micronucleus assay on CHO cells. Chemical analysis showed that the total PAH concentrations ranged from 23 microg kg(-1) dw (REF) to 1285 microg kg(-1) dw (StD). All the sediments were mutagenic in the Salmonella mutagenicity test. The mutagenicity was probably induced by the presence of nitroarenes (StA, StB, StC, and StD) and aromatic amines (REF) as deduced from the mutagenicity profiles of strains YG1041 +/- S9 and TA98 + S9. The comet assay revealed direct DNA lesions in REF, StA, and StB sediments and metabolization-dependent DNA damage in StC and StD. The micronucleus assay showed an absence of clastogenicity for StA +/- S9 and StC-S9, and a significant clastogenicity +/- S9 for the three other stations. The genotoxicity ranking determined by the comet assay + S9 matched the ranking of total and carcinogenic PAH concentrations, and this assay was found to be the most sensitive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of river sediments from industrialized and unaffected areas using a battery of short‐term bioassays

Aouadene¹,

Giorgio²,

Sarrazin³

et al. 2008

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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“…1988; Ho & Quinn 1993a), and most results are concerned with mutagenic responses (Fabacher et al . 1988; West et al . 1988; Metcalfe et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the toxicity of chemically fractionated Hamilton Harbour (Lake Ontario) sediment using selected aquatic organisms

2004

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Studies of the sediments of Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario, Canada, have shown variable degrees of pollution with a large number of organic and inorganic pollutants. Three areas in the Harbour -Windemere Basin, Cootes Paradise and Randle Reef -exhibited particularly high levels of contaminants, with concomitant impacts on benthic organisms. Sediment samples examined in this study were taken from a site in Randle Reef in Hamilton Harbour and a station (LE 23) in Lake Erie used as a reference sample. The samples were subjected to chemical fractionation to remove organic contaminants, with one fraction being used as total extract, and another aliquot being subjected to silica gel fractionation to give four fractions. Each fraction was chemically analysed and an aliquot used for bioassays following exchange with dimethylsulfoxide. Standard biotests were performed with Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows) and Selenastrum capricornutum . Results from direct sediment contact bioassays indicated that sediment from Randle Reef is highly toxic, whereas the Lake Erie sample had no observable impacts. Total extract when added at 1% to the bioassays replicated the solid phase with acute toxicity for Randle Reef, and no effect on Lake Erie. For the silica gel fractionation, Fraction 1 (F1) showed similar toxicity as the total extract, even at low additions, whereas F2-4 gave variable and inconclusive results. F1 eluted with hexane contained the non-polar fractions, predominantly the polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and these compounds are the most likely causative agents for the highly acute toxicity observed in the sediment of Randle Reef.

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“…The requirement of S9 metabolic activation suggests that the response is due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is well known that most Ž PAHs require metabolic activation West et al, 1988; . Donnelly et al, 1988;Marvin et al, 1995 . We have attempted to demonstrate the utility of microscale assays for sediment toxicity assessment and to evaluate their merits for inclusion in a test battery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons between microscale and whole-sediment assays for freshwater sediment toxicity assessment

Côté¹,

Blaise

Michaud

et al. 1998

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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Isolation and detection of genotoxic components in a Black River sediment

Cited by 55 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of river sediments from industrialized and unaffected areas using a battery of short‐term bioassays

Evaluation of the genotoxicity of river sediments from industrialized and unaffected areas using a battery of short‐term bioassays

Assessing the toxicity of chemically fractionated Hamilton Harbour (Lake Ontario) sediment using selected aquatic organisms

Comparisons between microscale and whole-sediment assays for freshwater sediment toxicity assessment

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