Isolation and cytotoxic activity of terpenoid compounds from n-hexane extract of cacao pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.)

Purnama, Agnia; Mustanir,; Ginting, Binawati

doi:10.1063/5.0045681

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Toxicity test of TCA extracts and its fractions (TCA 1-TCA 11) demonstrated toxicity on A. salina larvae, with the difference of TCA 4, TCA 10, and TCA 11 fractions. Previous studies also reported that ethyl acetate extract [9], chloroform extract and its fractions [12], nhexane extract [15] and n-hexane fraction [16], and water extract [15] had toxic activity against A. salina larvae.…”

Section: Figure 1 the Correlation Of Sample Concentration And Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The n-hexane extract of cocoa pod husk (LC50=192.75) and its fractions (LC50= 0.29 to 2.37 ppm) were toxic to A. salina larvae [15]. Fractions 7.4 and 9.1 of the n-hexane extracts with an LC50 of 5.52 and 20.39 ppm, respectively were highly toxic [16]. In addition, the toxicity of the ethyl acetate extract of T. cacao pod husk had an LC50 value obtained of 47.86 ppm and its fractions had LC50 values up to 107.15 ppm [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of methanolic extract from cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L) using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT)

Febrina,

Yahya,

Windananti

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Indonesia is one of the countries that produces a large amount of Theobroma cacao L. in the world. The extract of water, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane of cocoa pod husk contains several chemical constituents that exhibit potential biological activities. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk extract. Cocoa pod husk (6 kg) was first macerated with methanol and then extracted using n-hexane to obtain n-hexane extract (TCH) weighing 68.81 g (40.91%). The methanol extract was further extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain 17.98 g (10.69%) ethyl acetate extract. The methanol extract thus obtained was 76.38 g (45.41%). The methanol extract was further extracted using acetone to give 11.91 g (15.59%) acetone extract (TCA) and 45.33 g (59.35%) methanol extract (TCM). Theobroma cacao Acetone extract (TCA) was further isolated by gravity chromatography column and 11 fractions (TCA 1-TCA 11) were obtained. TCA 3 was re-chromatographed using an eluent system of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8.5:1.5). The toxicity of the TCA extract and its combined fractions (TCA 1-TCA 11) on Artemia salina Leach larvae was assessed. TCA fraction 3 was found to be toxic with an LC50 value of 136.3 ppm.

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Section: Figure 1 the Correlation Of Sample Concentration And Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of methanolic extract from cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L) using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT)

Febrina,

Yahya,

Windananti

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…The extraction yields, ranging from 11.6 ± 0.10 wt% for the red extract to 13.9 ± 0.24 wt% for the purple CHE extract, are high compared to ultrasound-assisted avonoid extractions (0.74 wt% from cacao shells, 1.64 wt% from hawthorn seeds or 1.87 wt% from bitter orange owers). 48,49 However, it is important to keep in mind that the epicarp comprises 17.3 wt% of the cacao pod husk, as dry weight. Also, previous works shows that ethanol concentration and temperature are essential experimental parameters in avonoids ultrasound-assisted extraction from cacao bean shells, 34 or in supercritical uid extraction of phenolic compounds using ethanol as co-solvent.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring the chemical composition and coloring qualities of cacao fruit epicarp extracts

et al. 2023

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Assessment cytotoxic assay of Rhizophora plants mangrove using brine shrimp (Artemia salina L) model

Indriaty

Ginting

Hasballah

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Rhizophoraceae is the main family of mangroves as a source of bioactive compounds originating from the coast. Ethnophamacologically Rhizophoraceae has been used in various traditional medicine. Natural sources as anticancer from the Rhizophoraceae family are interesting to know. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic bioactivity of methanolic extracts of roots, bark, leaves, and fruit/hypocotyl from five species of Rhizophoraceae (Bruguieria cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, and R. mucronata) from the Langsa mangrove forest, Aceh. The method used in this study was the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) bioassay using Artemia salina Leach at extract concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml. Samples were extracted using the maceration method and methanol as the solvent. The cytotoxic activity of 20 Rhizophoraceae methanol extracts showed that 12 extracts were toxic with an LC50 range of 31.5 - 934.9 μg/ml (based on LC50 ≤ 1000 μg/ml). The two extracts of which the closest to highly toxic (based on LC50 ≤ 30 μg/ml) were C. decandra bark showed LC50 of 31.5 μg/ml, and R. mucronata bark showed LC50 31.8 μg/ml. This shows that Rhizophoraceae extract has potential as a natural anticancer agent. In the five rhizophoraceae species, C. decandra was the most active compared to other species. In the four plant parts, the bark was the most toxic.

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Isolation and cytotoxic activity of terpenoid compounds from n-hexane extract of cacao pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.)

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Toxicity of methanolic extract from cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L) using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT)

Toxicity of methanolic extract from cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L) using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT)

Exploring the chemical composition and coloring qualities of cacao fruit epicarp extracts

Assessment cytotoxic assay of Rhizophora plants mangrove using brine shrimp (Artemia salina L) model

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