Isolation and characterization of α‐endorphin and γ‐endorphin from single human pituitary glands

Burbach, J. Peter H.; Wiegant, V.M.

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(84)80093-9

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is consistent with the in vitro evidence suggesting that P-EP 1-3 1 could represent the immediate precursor of a-EP and y-EP (26). Also in two adult pituitary glands the contents of a-EP and -y-EP were equivalent to those of P-EP (27), and larger peptides containing a-EP and y-EP sequences at their C-terminus have been proposed as possible precursor molecules (28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Presence of Acetylated and Shortened Endorphins in Human Fetal Pituitary Gland

1989

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ABSTRACT. A total of 21 human fetal pituitaries was parturition (4-6). Moreover, a significant secretion of P-EP occollected from spontaneous abortions (11 cases) or pros-curs in the neonatal period, both in vaginally delivered babies taglandin (PG)-induced abortions at the second trimester. and in those born by cesarean section in the absence of labor, Pituitaries were homogenized, fractionated by HPLC, and suggesting that neonatal P-EP secretion is an important factor of the fractions were tested by specific RIA for a-endorphin extrauterine adaptation (7,8). Fetal pituitary contains ACTH (9) (EP) (P-EP 1-16), y-EP (P-EP 1-17), P-EP (P-EP 1-31), and P-EP from the early stages of development (10-12), and and their a-N-acetylated derivatives. In the fetal pituitaries secretion has been documented in vitro after the 20th wk of collected after spontaneous abortion, the contents of a-EP pregnancy (1 3). However, the biologic activity of 0-EP may (23.4 f 7.5 pmol/mg prot, mean f SE) and y-EP (28.9 f change during fetal life because P-EP represents the precursor for 9.7) were similar to those of P-EP (28.6 2 7.4). Both P-smaller peptides, such as a-and y-endorphins with psychostim-EP/a-EP (1.2 f 0.3) and P-EP/y-EP (1.1 f 0.3) ratios ulant and neuroleptic-like profiles, respectively (14, 15). Moreapproached unity. Although 35.7 and 30.2% of a-EP and over, P-EP may be acetylated at its N-terminus, losing its opioid y-EP were acetylated, acetyl-P-EP was only 8.4% of the properties (16). In some mammals, the a-N-acetyltransferase total P-EP immnoreactivity. In the five cases of PG-induced activity is lacking in anterior pituitary and is typical of the abortion that were more than 20 wk of pregnancy, the neurointermediate lobe (17,18). This is present in the human pituitary content of P-EP (75.9 f 21.2) and y-EP (26.2 f fetus but involutes after birth and is normally absent as an 7.5) were significantly higher than in samples collected anatomically differentiated structure in the adult human pituiafter spontaneous abortion (13.3 f 8.2 and 5.9 f 1.8, tary (19). ~i~~~~~. ~~~~l pituitaries were immediately after the 17th wk pregnancy, no differences were seen abortion in 1 1 cases (five cases between the 13th and the 17th paring PG-induced and spontaneous abortions. 'IXese data wk and six between the 20th and the 25th wk of pregnancy). demonstrate that in the fetal pituitary: 1 ) P-EP retains its Spontaneous abortions were due to oligohydramnios (five cases) opioid biologic activity because only a small percentage is 0, to cervical incompetence (4). In two other cases, hysterotomy acet~lated, 2) shortened endorphins are quantitatively as for multiple myomas was performed at the 13th and 14th wk of important as @-EP, and 3) after mid-gestation, the fetal pregnan,y. Then 10 additional pituitaries were collected after proopiomelanocortin synthesis or processing may be sen-p~-induced abortion during the second trimester (five cases sitive to endocrine or environmental stimuli. (Pediatr Res between the 14th and 17th wk and the oth...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Presence of Acetylated and Shortened Endorphins in Human Fetal Pituitary Gland

1989

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“…Firstly, in the inter mediate pituitary gland, y-endorphin is a naturally oc curring member of the POMC family [6,12]. In the anterior lobe most of the y-endorphin IR is present in a lipotropin variant of y-endorphin [5]. Secondly, y-endorphin is re leased in vitro from the intermediate pituitary after adren ergic and noradrenergic stimulation [10,II,32], Thirdly, it has been demonstrated recently, using the protein A-immunogold method at the electron microscopic level, that P-endorphin and y-endorphin are co-localized in pituitary secretory granules [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leu-Phe Cleaving Endopeptidase Activity, γ-Endorphin, and β-Endorphin in the Rat Pituitary Gland and Brain

Lebouille¹,

Burbach²,

Kloet³

et al. 1988

Neuroendocrinology

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The influence of adrenalectomy and corticosterone substitution was investigated on Leu-Phe cleaving endopeptidase activity and on the levels of γ-endorphin and β-endorphin in the pituitary gland and the brain. The enzyme activity was quantitated by a specific radiometric assay based on the cleavage of the Leu¹⁷-Phe¹⁸ bond in a NH₂ and COOH-terminally protected synthetic substrate wich was analogous to β-endorphin-(15–19). This activity may mimick the formation of γ-endorphin. β-Endorphin and γ-endorphin were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. After 14 days of adrenalectomy enzyme activity had increased in anterior (15%) and neurointermediate lobes of the pituitary gland (30%), hypothalamus (25%), and liver (15%). This increase was prevented when the adrenalectomized animals were subjected to chronic corticosterone substitution by subcutaneous implantation of a pellet of 100 mg. Extirpation of only the adrenal medulla did not affect the Leu-Phe cleaving activity. Enzyme activity in the septum, hippocampus, and cerebellum had not changed after adrenalectomy. Determination of immunoreactive levels of γ- and β-endorphins showed that in the anterior pituitary gland γ- and β-endorphins had increased by 275 and 300%, respectively, 14 days after adrenalectomy. No significant changes were observed in endorphin levels of the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and septum. The results indicate that Leu-Phe cleaving endopeptidase activity is sensitive to glucocorticoids in tissues containing proopiomelanocortin-producing cells, i.e., anterior and neurointermediate pituitary gland and the hypothalamus. In the anterior pituitary gland it is correlated with the levels of γ- and β-endorphins.

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“…Subsequently, several reports have indicated indirectly the presence of ~t-and 7-endorphins in pituitary tissue by detecting peptides with opiate-like properties of the size of these/~-endorphin fragments (Giagnoni et al, 1977;Sabol, 1978;Lissitsky et al, 1978). Peptides related to ct-and 7-endorphin have been immunologically and/or chromatographically characterized in extracts of rat anterior and intermediate pituitary (Jegou et al, 1978(Jegou et al, , 1979Fukata et al, 1979;Verhoef et al, 1980aVerhoef et al, ,b, 1982Dorsa et al, 1982;Wiegant et al, 1983a,b), in rat brain (Verhoef et al, 1980(Verhoef et al, , 1982aDorsa et al, 1981;Wiegant et al, 1983a,b), in human pituitary and brain (Burbach and Wiegant, 1983; unpublished observations), in guinea pig myenteric plexus (Opmeer et al, 1980), and in rat testicular tissue (Tsong et al, 1982;Shu-Dong et al, 1982;Margioris et al, 1983). Immunohistochemical localization studies have shown the storage of ct-endorphin and 7-endorphins in pituitary and rat brain (B6geot et al, 1978;Vaudry et al, 1980).…”

Section: Fl-endorphin Fragments: ~-And 7-endorphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemical localization studies have shown the storage of ct-endorphin and 7-endorphins in pituitary and rat brain (B6geot et al, 1978;Vaudry et al, 1980). Recently, -and 7-endorphins have been isolated from human pituitaries and chemically characterized (Burbach and Wiegant, 1983).…”

Section: Fl-endorphin Fragments: ~-And 7-endorphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of α‐endorphin and γ‐endorphin from single human pituitary glands

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Presence of Acetylated and Shortened Endorphins in Human Fetal Pituitary Gland

Presence of Acetylated and Shortened Endorphins in Human Fetal Pituitary Gland

Leu-Phe Cleaving Endopeptidase Activity, γ-Endorphin, and β-Endorphin in the Rat Pituitary Gland and Brain

Action of proteolytic enzymes on lipotropins and endorphins: Biosynthesis, biotransformation and fate

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