Isolation and Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Cape Cod Soft-Shell Clams (Mya arenaria)

Earle, Paul M.; Crisley, F. D.

doi:10.1128/aem.29.5.635-640.1975

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…(Morgan, pers comm). To date, only low levels of disease or pathogens has been reported in Mya arenaria on European shores [47], despite a number of diseases and parasites being present in the M. arenaria populations of North America, particularly hematopoietic neoplasia, which was not observed in this study [48][49][50][51][52][53]. This could be due to a lower density of these animals, than in the intensively cultured areas of North America [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

The Reproductive Biology of the Softshell Clam,Mya arenaria, in Ireland, and the Possible Impacts of Climate Variability

Cross

Lynch

Whitaker

et al. 2012

Journal of Marine Biology

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Little is known about the biology of the softshell clam in Europe, despite it being identified as a potential species to culture for food in the future. Monthly samples of the softshell clam,Mya arenaria, were collected intertidally from Co. Wexford, Ireland, over a period of sixteen months. The mean weight of sampled individuals was74±4.9 g and mean length was8.2±0.2 cm. Histological examination revealed a female-to-male ratio of 1 : 1.15. In 2010,M. arenariaat this site matured over the summer months, with both sexes either ripe or spawning by August. A single spawning event was recorded in 2010, completed by November. Two unusually cold winters, followed by a warmer-than-average spring, appear to have affectedM. arenariagametogenesis in this area, potentially affecting the time of spawning, fertilisation success, and recruitment of this species. No hermaphrodites were observed in the samples collected, nor were any pathogens observed. Timing of development and spawning is compared with the coasts of eastern North America and with other European coasts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

The Reproductive Biology of the Softshell Clam,Mya arenaria, in Ireland, and the Possible Impacts of Climate Variability

Cross

Lynch

Whitaker

et al. 2012

Journal of Marine Biology

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“…counts are much higher than those for overlying waters (3,5,7,8). Thus, the objectives of this study were to compare Pacific, Gulf, and Atlantic coast waters and oysters for densities of V. parahaemolyticus; to correlate V. parahaemolyticus counts in oysters and water with water salinity, temperature, and bacteriological parameters; and to determine the virulence markers of selected V. parahaemolyticus isolates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in U.S. coastal waters and oysters

DePaola

Hopkins

Peeler

et al. 1990

Appl Environ Microbiol

203

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Island which had been designated as approved or prohibited by the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. Fecal coliforms counts, aerobic plate counts, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities were determined for the samples. Mean V. parahaemolyticus density was more than 100 times greater in oysters than in water, whereas density of fecal coliforms was approximately 10 times higher in oysters. Seasonal and geographical distributions of V. parahaemolyticus were related to water temperature, with highest densities in samples collected in the spring and the summer along the Gulf coast. The synthetic DNA probe for thermostable direct hemolysin hybridized with 2 of 50 isolates, 1 of which was positive by the Kanagawa test. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an enteric pathogen transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of raw or mishandled seafood (2, 23). Like other members of the genus Vibrio, it is a gram-negative, halophilic bacterium that occurs naturally in estuarine environments (15). Its distribution is worldwide, but reported densities of V. parahaemolyticus in the environment and in seafood vary greatly according to season, location, sample type, fecal pollution, and analytical methodology (3, 5, 8, 16, 27). The public health significance of V. parahaemolyticus contamination in seafoods is debatable, since few environmental or seafood isolates produce the thermostable-direct hemolysin (TDH) or Kanagawa hemolysin associated with most (96.5%) pathogenic strains found among clinical isolates (12, 20, 21). However, a TDH-related hemolysin has been isolated from Kanagawa phenomenon-negative V. parahaemolyticus strains associated with gastroenteritis in Southeast Asia (13). In an evaluation (5) of four methods for the enumeration of V. parahaemolyticus in seawater and oysters, we found that the hydrophobic grid membrane filter method described by Entis and Boleszczuk (9) gave the highest density estimates. This method had been used to evaluate the effects of thermal stress on artificially contaminated seafoods but had not been used in environmental surveys. Past V. parahaemolyticus surveys were conducted regionally but did not compare distribution of the organism among the Pacific, Gulf, and Atlantic coasts. The present study reports the incidence of V. parahaemolyticus in U.S. oysters and seawater as determined by the hydrophobic grid membrane filter method. The National Shellfish Sanitation Program classification of shellfish-growing areas is based on fecal coliform densities in the overlying waters (14); however, a statistical evaluation is needed to correlate V. parahaemolyticus densities in shellfish with either fecal coliform or V. parahaemolyticus counts for the overlying waters. In shellfish, V. parahaemolyticus

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“…Large variations in V. parahaemolyticus presence and concentrations in the environment and seafood are significantly dependent on the season, location and sample type (Earle & Crisley, 1975;Kaneko & Colwell, 1975;DePaola et al, 1990DePaola et al, , 2000Kaysner et al, 1990;Cook et al, 2002). Vibrio parahaemolyticus requires presence of salinity with optimum levels of 1-3% to survive and multiply, which is in the range of 0.8-3% levels commonly found in marine environments (De-Paola et al, 2000;Yeung & Boor, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the current status of cultural and rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Bisha

Simonson

Janes

et al. 2012

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Summary Vibrio parahaemolyticus is ubiquitous in estuarine environments and can be commonly found in seafood products. This bacterial pathogen continues to emerge as an important cause of foodborne illness, and several foodborne disease outbreaks caused by V. parahaemolyticus have been linked to the consumption of contaminated seafood, in particular those consumed raw such as oysters. In response to these outbreaks, especially during the 1990s, several cultural, immunological‐based and molecular detection methods have been developed, which allow for rapid detection and quantification of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. The development of molecular methodology has allowed for clinical and environmental isolates of V. parahaemolyticus to be subtyped, thus providing the framework for risk‐based strategies aimed at controlling foodborne outbreaks cause by this pathogen. It is important that the detection and typing methods strive to accomplish detection and differentiation of the pathogenic strains from environmental (non‐pathogenic) ones, as well as to detect the presence of the organism and not just the presence of V. parahaemolyticus produced toxins, which can also be produced by closely related species. This review covers the current status of detection and typing methodology for identification and characterisation of V. parahaemolyticus from seafood.

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Isolation and Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Cape Cod Soft-Shell Clams (Mya arenaria)

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

The Reproductive Biology of the Softshell Clam,Mya arenaria, in Ireland, and the Possible Impacts of Climate Variability

The Reproductive Biology of the Softshell Clam,Mya arenaria, in Ireland, and the Possible Impacts of Climate Variability

Incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in U.S. coastal waters and oysters

A review of the current status of cultural and rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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