Isolation and characterization of the Bactrocera oleae genes orthologous to the sex determining Sex-lethal and doublesex genes of Drosophila melanogaster

Lagos, Dimitrios; Ruiz, María Fernanda; Sánchez, Lucas; Komitopoulou, Katia

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.12.053

Cited by 79 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…Wilkins (1995) proposed that the sex determination gene hierarchy evolved from the bottom up. Consistent with this model, orthologs of Drosophila Sxl have been found in several dipterans including Megaselia scalaris (Sievert et al 1997), C. capitata (Saccone et al 1998), B. oleae (Lagos et al 2005), M. domestica (Meise et al 1998), and the Calliphoridae species Chrysomya rufifacies (Muller-Holtkamp 1995) and L. cuprina (P. Atkinson, personal communication). However, Sxl isn't sexspecifically spliced in these species and does not appear to have a role in sex determination.…”

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confidence: 80%

“…However, Sxl isn't sexspecifically spliced in these species and does not appear to have a role in sex determination. In contrast, at the bottom of the sex determination hierarchy, dsx is sex-specifically spliced in Apis mellifera (Cho et al 2007), Bombyx mori (Suzuki et al 2001), Anopheles gambiae (Scali et al 2005), M. scalaris (Kuhn et al 2000), M. domestica (Hediger et al 2004) Anastrepha obliqua , C. capitata , B. tryoni (Shearman and Frommer 1998), and B. oleae (Lagos et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sexual Development in Lucilia cuprina (Diptera, Calliphoridae) Is Controlled by the Transformer Gene

2009

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Insects use an amazing variety of genetic systems to control sexual development. A Y-linked male determining gene (M) controls sex in the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina, an important pest insect. In this study, we isolated the L. cuprina transformer (Lctra) and transformer2 (Lctra2) genes, which are potential targets of M. The LCTRA and LCTRA2 proteins are significantly more similar to homologs from tephritid insects than Drosophila. The Lctra transcript is alternatively spliced such that only females make a full-length protein and the presence of six TRA/TRA2 binding sites in the female first intron suggest that Lctra splicing is autoregulated as in tephritids. LCTRA is essential for female development as RNAi knockdown of Lctra mRNA leads to the development of male genitalia in XX adults. Analysis of Lctra expression during development shows that early and midstage male and female embryos express the female form of Lctra and males express only the male form by the first instar larval stage. Our results suggest that an autoregulatory loop sustains female development and that expression of M inhibits Lctra autoregulation, switching its splicing to the male form. The conservation of tra function and regulation in a Calliphorid insect shows that this sex determination system is not confined to Tephritidae. Isolation of these genes is an important step toward the development of a strain of L. cuprina suitable for a genetic control program.

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Sexual Development in Lucilia cuprina (Diptera, Calliphoridae) Is Controlled by the Transformer Gene

2009

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“…In summary, the gene dsx of A. obliqua is transcribed during development and in adult life in both sexes but its primary transcript undergoes sex-specific splicing, (Burtis and Baker 1989), A. obliqua (Ao) (this work), B. oleae (Bo) (Lagos et al 2005), B. tryoni (Bt) (Shearman and Frommer 1998), Musca domestica (housefly) (Md) (Hediger et al 2004), Megaselia scalaris (phorid fly) (Ms) (Sievert et al 1997), and B. mori (silkworm) (Bm) Suzuki et al 2001). (A) Sequence common to both sexes; (B) female-specific sequence; and (C) male-specific sequence.…”

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“…Tephritids have a serious detrimental economic impact on agriculture. Among fruit flies, the gene dsx has been characterized in Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly) (Shearman and Frommer 1998), B. oleae (olive tree fly) (Lagos et al 2005), and Ceratitis capitata (medfly) cited in Pane et al 2002. As in Drosophila, dsx in these species encodes male-and female-specific proteins, which are produced by sexspecific splicing of its primary transcript.…”

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The Gene doublesex of the Fruit Fly Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae)

et al. 2005

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“…Outside the drosophilids, the gene dsx has been characterized in the dipterans Megaselia scalaris (Sievert et al 1997;Kuhn et al 2000), Musca domestica (Hediger et al 2004), Lucilia cuprina (Concha et al 2010), Anopheles gambiae (Scali et al 2005), and Aedes aegypti (Salvemini et al 2011); in Bactrocera tryoni (Shearman and Frommer 1998), B. oleae (Lagos et al 2005), and Ceratitis capitata (Saccone et al 2008) and in 12 Anastrepha species (Ruiz et al , 2007; in the lepidopterans Bombyx mori Suzuki et al 2001), Antheraea assama, and A. mylitta (Shukla and Nagaraju 2010); in the hymenopterans Apis mellifera (Cho et al 2007) and Nasonia vitripennis (Oliveira et al 2009); in the coleopteran Tribolium castaneum (Shukla and Palli 2012); and in the crustacean Daphnia magna (Kato et al 2011) and other cladoceran species (Toyota et al 2013). The molecular organization of the dsx ORF varies among these organisms, yet in all cases excluding the cladoceran species dsx produces male-and female-specific mRNAs that encode putative male-and female-specific DSX proteins as in Drosophila.…”

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An Unusual Role for doublesex in Sex Determination in the Dipteran Sciara

et al. 2015

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The gene doublesex, which is placed at the bottom of the sex-determination gene cascade, plays the ultimate discriminatory role for sex determination in insects. In all insects where this gene has been characterized, the dsx premessenger RNA (premRNA) follows a sex-specific splicing pattern, producing male-and female-specific mRNAs encoding the male-DSXM and female-DSXF proteins, which determine male and female development, respectively. This article reports the isolation and characterization of the gene doublesex of dipteran Sciara insects. The Sciara doublesex gene is constitutively transcribed during development and adult life of males and females. Sciara had no sex-specific doublesex mRNAs but the same transcripts, produced by alternative splicing of its primary transcript, were present in both sexes, although their relative abundance is sex specific. However, only the female DSXF protein, but not the male DSXM protein, was produced at similar amounts in both sexes. An analysis of the expression of female and male Sciara DSX proteins in Drosophila showed that these proteins conserved female and male function, respectively, on the control of Drosophila yolk-protein genes. The molecular evolution of gene doublesex of all insects where this gene has been characterized revealed that Sciara doublesex displays a considerable degree of divergence in its molecular organization and its splicing pattern with respect to the rest of dipterans as suggested by its basal position within the doublesex phylogeny. It is suggested that the doublesex gene is involved in Sciara sex determination although it appears not to play the discriminatory role performed in other insects.KEYWORDS sex determination; molecular evolution; Sciara; gene doublesex; genetics of sex M ALES and females are different at the morphological, physiological, and behavioral levels. This sexual dimorphism results from the integration of two processes: sex determination and sexual differentiation. Sex determination refers to the developmental program that commits the embryo to either the male or the female pathway. The genes underlying this phenomenon are the sex-determination genes. Sexual differentiation refers to the expression of the sex cytodifferentiation genes (which are controlled by the sex-determination genes), the expression of which gives rise to the formation of the sexually dimorphic structures that characterize the male and female adults.The animal kingdom possesses a wealth of mechanisms by which sex is decided (Bull 1983;Beukeboom and Perrin 2014). These mechanisms can be classified into three main categories, depending on the origin of the primary sexdetermination signal, which can be zygotic, maternal, or environmental. These three primary signals occur and are concatenated in the dipteran Sciara (for details see Sánchez 2010). Briefly, in Sciara, sex determination follows the XX/X0 mechanism: XX zygotes will develop as females and X0 zygotes will develop as males. Yet, the final chromosome constitution of the zygote, which start...

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Isolation and characterization of the Bactrocera oleae genes orthologous to the sex determining Sex-lethal and doublesex genes of Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 79 publications

References 34 publications

Sexual Development in Lucilia cuprina (Diptera, Calliphoridae) Is Controlled by the Transformer Gene

Sexual Development in Lucilia cuprina (Diptera, Calliphoridae) Is Controlled by the Transformer Gene

The Gene doublesex of the Fruit Fly Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae)

An Unusual Role for doublesex in Sex Determination in the Dipteran Sciara

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