Isolation and Characterization of some Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Early Mortalities in Japanese Quail Chicks at Qena Governorate, Egypt

Abstract

Quail farms become widely spread in Egypt as a source of meat. Early mortality of quail chicks is one of quail breeding limiting factors. This study was performed to study role of some Enterobacteriaceae as a parable cause of early mortality in South Valley University quail farm, characterize isolates phenotypically and serologically, determine their antimicrobial sensitivity and to screen all isolates for presence of florfenicol resistance gene (floR), Quaternary ammonium compounds resistance gene (QacA/B) and class 1 integrons gene (Int1) and to screen E. coli, Salmonella and K. pneumoniae isolates for intimin encoding gene (eaeA), invasive encoding gene (invA) and mucoviscosity associated gene (magA) respectively. Therefore, 80 freshly dead or moribund Japanese quail chicks under 12 days of age were collected from this farm during the period from December 2020 to April 2021 for clinical assessment and bacterial isolation. Totally, 14 E. coli, 6 Salmonella and 1 K. pneumoniae isolates were isolated and phenotypically identified from the internal organs of the examined quail chicks with percentage of (17.5%), (7.5%) and (1.25%) respectively. E. coli isolates belonged to 5 different O-serogroups comprising O86 (28.6%), O78 (21.4%), O26 (14.3%), O55 (14.3%) and O164 (7.1%) in addition to 2 nontypeable isolates (14.3%) while all Salmonella isolates were serologically identified as S. Typhimurium with antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:i:1,2. All isolates were weak biofilm producer except (33.3%) of S. Typhimurium isolates and showed Congo red binding activity except (28.6%) of E. coli isolates while only (14.3%) of E. coli isolates had hemolytic activity. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the isolates to 10 different antibiotics revealed that all the isolates were sensitive only to chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline except (42.9%) and (85.7%) of E. coli isolates respectively and to azithromycin except (35.7%) of E. coli isolates and K. pneumoniae. PCR revealed that all the isolates harbor Int1 and floR genes, (100%) and (33.3%) of S. Typhimurium isolates harbor invA and QacA/B genes respectively and only (21.4%) of E. coli isolates harbor eaeA and QacA/B genes. It was concluded that E. coli and S. Typhimurium are a major cause of early mortality of Japanese quail chicks.

Multidrug-Resistant Strain ExPEC Isolat Asal Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

“…Kejadian resistensi antibiotik terhadap ExPEC isolat asal puyuh menunjukkan pola yang mirip dengan yang terjadi pada ayam (Apata, 2009). ExPEC asal layer dan broiler telah terjadi resisten terhadap Ampisilin, Soprofloksasin, Tetrasiklin, Gentamisin, Kloramfenikol, Kanamisin, Amoksisilin, Enrofloksasin, Amikasin, Eritomisin dan Enrofloksasin, seperti tersaji pada Gambar 2.. Jenis antibiotik yang jarang digunakan dalam budidaya puyuh, masih efektif untuk pengobatan kolibasilosis pada puyuh, yaitu diantaranya Amikasin, Seftriakson, Sefotaksin dan Sefaleksin (Gita et al, 2001), Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, Sefpodoksim dan Aztreonam (Buyukunal et al, 2019), Azitromisin (Younis et al, 2021), Sefalosporin, Polimiksin, dan Fluorokuinolon (Sevilla-Navarro et al, 2022).…”

“…Akibatnya terjadi peningkatan keparahan penyakit, dan menjadi sumber penularan serta bertambahnya biaya perawatan (Basak et al, 2016). Terjadinya multidrug-resistant terhadap strain ExPEC akan mempersulit dalam pencegahan dan pengendalian kasus kolibasilosis pada budidaya unggas (Younis et al, 2021).…”