Isolation and Characterization of Small-Colony Variants of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Zahra, Mohammad; Ferreri, Miro; Alkasir, Rashad; Yin, Jinhua; Han, Bo; Su, Jingliang

doi:10.1128/jcm.01337-13

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A study from China reported that small-colony variants, had overall higher MICs levels compared with their wild-type counterparts. Differences were also found with regards to other phenotypic characteristics, but not in their genotype ( 79 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Poultry Pathogens: A Review

2017

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and AMR in animal production is one of its contributing sources. Poultry is one of the most widespread types of meat consumed worldwide. Poultry flocks are often raised under intensive conditions using large amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and to treat disease, as well as for growth promotion. Antimicrobial resistant poultry pathogens may result in treatment failure, leading to economic losses, but also be a source of resistant bacteria/genes (including zoonotic bacteria) that may represent a risk to human health. Here we reviewed data on AMR in 12 poultry pathogens, including avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), Salmonella Pullorum/Gallinarum, Pasteurella multocida, Avibacterium paragallinarum, Gallibacterium anatis, Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Bordetella avium, Clostridium perfringens, Mycoplasma spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and Riemerella anatipestifer. A number of studies have demonstrated increases in resistance over time for S. Pullorum/Gallinarum, M. gallisepticum, and G. anatis. Among Enterobacteriaceae, APEC isolates displayed considerably higher levels of AMR compared with S. Pullorum/Gallinarum, with prevalence of resistance over >80% for ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline across studies. Among the Gram-negative, non-Enterobacteriaceae pathogens, ORT had the highest levels of phenotypic resistance with median levels of AMR against co-trimoxazole, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, and ceftiofur all exceeding 50%. In contrast, levels of resistance among P. multocida isolates were less than 20% for all antimicrobials. The study highlights considerable disparities in methodologies, as well as in criteria for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and result interpretation. It is necessary to increase efforts to harmonize testing practices, and to promote free access to data on AMR in order to improve treatment guidelines as well as to monitor the evolution of AMR in poultry bacterial pathogens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Poultry Pathogens: A Review

2017

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“…The production (expression) of a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase have been described in ORT [50]. These virulence factors may play an important role in tissue colonization and inflammation in the host [51]. In addition, although ORT hemolysin may also act as a virulence factor, recent studies The production (expression) of a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase have been described in ORT [50].…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Pathological Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, although ORT hemolysin may also act as a virulence factor, recent studies The production (expression) of a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase have been described in ORT [50]. These virulence factors may play an important role in tissue colonization and inflammation in the host [51]. In addition, although ORT hemolysin may also act as a virulence factor, recent studies have shown that non-hemolytic isolates can survive longer in the host and present high pathogenicity [52].…”

Section: Clinical Signs and Pathological Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: An Update Review about An Emerging Poultry Pathogen

Barbosa

Cardoso

Silva

et al. 2019

Veterinary Sciences

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Respiratory diseases in birds generate sanitary and economic impacts and may be related to the environment and climate. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Pasteurella multocida, Avibacterium paragallinarum, Escherichia coli, Riemerella anatipestifer, and Bordetella avium are among the most important avian respiratory pathogens. ORT is responsible for causing ornitobacteriosis, a disease characterized by clinical signs ranging from mild to severe respiratory conditions, with high mortality rates, mainly affecting turkeys and chickens. The first report of ornitobacteriosis was in 1981 in Germany. Despite its importance, few studies on ORT have been published. In addition, the presence of this pathogen has been neglected in poultry farms, mainly due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic protocols. The lack of correct isolation and diagnostic protocols along with inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents have been contributing to treatment failure. Due to its economic importance to the poultry industry, ornitobacteriosis should be monitored and included in national programs for the prevention and control of avian respiratory diseases. This review aimed to update and discuss important issues related to ORT since this pathogen has great economic and sanitary implications for the chicken production chain.

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“…The assay was performed according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Auxotrophism of SCVs for haemin, menadione and thymidine was assessed with the use of the disc method (Zahra et al, 2013). Bacteria were considered auxotrophic when they demonstrated increased growth around the impregnated disc as compared to the periphery.…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of programmed death ligand 1 pathway in persistent biomaterial-associated infections

et al. 2015

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is commonly involved in biomaterial-associated infections. Bacterial small colony variants (SCV) seem to be well adapted to persist intracellularly in professional phagocytes evading the host immune response. We studied the expression of PD-L1/L2 on macrophages infected with clinical isolates of S. epidermidis SCV and their parent wild type (WT) strains. The cytokine pattern which is triggered by the examined strains was also analysed. In the study, we infected macrophages with S. epidermidis WT and SCV strains. Persistence and release from macrophages were monitored via lysostaphin protection assays. Moreover, the effect of IFN-γ pre-treatment on bacterial internalisation was investigated. Expression of PD-L1/L2 molecules was analysed with the use of FACS. Inflammatory reaction was measured by IL-10, TNF-α ELISAs, and transcriptional induction of TNF-α. Our study revealed that clinical SCV isolates were able to persist and survive in macrophages for at least 3 days with a low cytotoxic effect and a reduced proinflammatory response as compared to WT strains. Bacteria upregulated PD-L1/L2 expression on macrophages as compared to non-stimulated cells. The results demonstrated that the ability of S. epidermidis SCVs to induce elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, and reduced transcriptional induction of TNF-α, together with expression of PD-L1 on macrophages and the ability to persist intracellularly without damaging the host cell could be the key factor contributing to chronicity of SCV infections.

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Isolation and Characterization of Small-Colony Variants of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Poultry Pathogens: A Review

Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Poultry Pathogens: A Review

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: An Update Review about An Emerging Poultry Pathogen

The role of programmed death ligand 1 pathway in persistent biomaterial-associated infections

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