Isolation and characterization of resin acid degrading bacteria found in effluent from a bleached kraft pulp mill

Morgan, Ciara A.; Wyndham, R. Campbell

doi:10.1139/m96-058

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…P450s are heme-thiolate proteins that function as the catalytic component of an electron transport chain generally including a ferredoxin and a ferredoxin reductase in bacterial systems (19). A putative P450, encoded by the tdtD gene, that may function in abietane diterpenoid degradation was recently identified in Pseudomonas diterpeniphila A19-6a, another resin acid-degrading bacterium closely related to BKME-9 (17,18). Morgan and Wyndham (17) reported that a tdtD knockout mutant of A19-6a was retarded in its removal of DhA or AbA from its growth medium when compared to that of the wild type.…”

Section: Resin Is Produced By Most Species Of Coniferous Trees Such Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cytochrome P450 Involved in the Metabolism of Abietane Diterpenoids by Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9

2004

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Diterpenoids are naturally occurring plant compounds which have pharmaceutical properties. We have sequenced a 10.4-kbp extension of the dit cluster in Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9, containing genes involved in abietane diterpenoid biodegradation. The ditQ gene was found to encode a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, P450 dit , and to be homologous to the tdtD gene of Pseudomonas diterpeniphila A19-6a. Knocking out ditQ had little effect on growth of BKME-9 on abietic acid but severely impaired growth on dehydroabietic acid (DhA) and palustric acid (PaA), increasing doubling times from 3.8 to 15 h on DhA and from 5.6 to 18.5 h on PaA. A xylE transcriptional fusion showed that transcription of ditQ was induced by a range of diterpenoids. Substrate binding assays of P450 dit expressed in Escherichia coli revealed that DhA binds to the enzyme and yields a type I binding spectrum with a K d of 0.4 M. These results indicate that P450 dit is involved in the metabolism of DhA and PaA and are consistent with its putative role in converting DhA to 7-hydroxy-DhA. Finally, an amino acid sequence identity of greater than 72% and conserved gene arrangement support the hypothesis that the dit gene cluster of P. abietaniphila BKME-9 and the tdt cluster of P. diterpeniphila A19-6a contain functional homologues.

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Section: Resin Is Produced By Most Species Of Coniferous Trees Such Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cytochrome P450 Involved in the Metabolism of Abietane Diterpenoids by Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9

2004

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“…Series of injections of target compounds in the concentration range 0.01-25 µg ml 1 were used to determine the linear concentration range. Five-point calibration curves were generated daily at 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 µg ml 1 . The repeatability of the method was evaluated by five consecutive injections of 1 µg ml 1 standard solution, and reproducibility was determined by measuring the same standard solution on six different days.…”

Section: Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resin acids are tricyclic diterpenoids with a carboxylic moiety that can be classified in two groups: abietanes and pimaranes. 1 Abietanes such as abietic and dehydroabietic acids have an isopropyl substituent on C-13, dehydroabietic acid presenting an aromatic ring. Pimaranes, basically pimaric and isopimaric acids, present a vinyl and a methyl group in this position.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to their very stable structure, resin and fatty acids resist chemical degradation, thus surviving the pulping and bleaching process. 2 However, through isomerization, whitewaters and effluents consist mainly of dehydroabietic, 1 Depending on the pulping process and the presence of Ca and Mg ions and resin and fatty acids in whitewaters, pitch deposits can be formed. These deposits, at the same time, favor the precipitation of inorganic salts and other compounds such as adhesives and waxes, which tend to form stickies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct determination of resin and fatty acids in process waters of paper industries by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

et al. 2003

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Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based methods were developed for the analysis of 10 resin acids and five fatty acids in process waters of paper industries. No fragmentation of target compounds was observed using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) with negative ionization. The [M - H](-) ion permitted the individual quantification of fatty and aromatic resin acids, whereas the non-aromatic resin acids presented a single and common ion at m/z 301. Separation with two columns of different polarity permitted peak confirmation. The method that used a C(8) column with 2-propanol in the mobile phase allowed a certain separation and identification of the non-aromatic resin acids, whereas the method using a C(18) column provided detection limits 10-fold lower for fatty acids. Limits of detection were 0.10 ng for all compounds. Direct sample introduction was compared with liquid-liquid extraction, with similar recoveries (70-101%). Whereas slightly lower detection limits were obtained with liquid-liquid extraction, better reproducibility was observed for direct sample introduction. Resin and fatty acids were determined in process waters of several paper industries. Palmitic, dehydroabietic and non-aromatic resin acids were encountered in most water samples, at levels between 22 and 403 micro g l(-1). LC/MS with direct sample introduction was found to be a good alternative to traditional liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography for the analysis of such compounds since no derivatization was required and sample manipulation was minimal.

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“…Comamonas testosteroni is a gram-negative bacterium able to use steroids (as well as many other aromatic compounds) as a sole carbon source; it is an attractive model for the study of the mechanisms involved in the mineralization of these bioactive compounds for their removal from the environment (3,5,6,11,19,26,30,37,38). C. testosteroni metabolizes certain steroids through a complex metabolic pathway involving many steps catalyzed by steroid-inducible enzymes (11,26,38,42).…”

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confidence: 99%

TeiR, a LuxR-Type Transcription Factor Required for Testosterone Degradation inComamonas testosteroni

et al. 2004

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We have identified a new steroid-inducible gene (designated teiR [testosterone-inducible regulator]) inComamonas testosteroni that is required for testosterone degradation. Nucleotide sequence analysis of teiR predicts a 391-amino-acid protein which shows homology between residues 327 and 380 (C-terminal domain) to the LuxR helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain and between residues 192 and 227 to the PAS sensor domain. This domain distribution resembles that described for TraR, a specific transcriptional regulator involved in quorum sensing in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Analysis of the gene expression indicated that teiR is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level by the presence of testosterone in the culture medium. A teiR-disrupted mutant strain was completely unable to use testosterone as the sole carbon and energy source. In addition, the expression of several steroid-inducible genes was abolished in this mutant. Northern blot assays revealed that teiR is required for full expression of sip48-␤-HSD gene mRNA (encoding a steroid-inducible protein of 48 kDa and 3␤-17␤-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and also of other steroid degradation genes, including those encoding 3␣-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, ⌬ 5 -3-ketoisomerase, 3-oxo-steroid ⌬ 1 -dehydrogenase, and 3-oxosteroid ⌬ 4 -(5␣)-dehydrogenase enzymes. Moreover, when teiR was provided to the teiR-disrupted strain in trans, the transcription level of these genes was restored. These results indicate that TeiR positively regulates the transcription of genes involved in the initial enzymatic steps of steroid degradation in C. testosteroni.Steroids, phenylalkanoic acids, resin acids, and different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons represent a group of molecules that are widespread in the environment as breakdown products of lignin or other plant-derived molecules (7,22,31). These compounds (known collectively as endocrine disruptors) interfere with the normal endocrine system physiology of vertebrates, particularly in the mechanisms governing reproductive development and function (10), and constitute an important group of bioactive environmental pollutants.Comamonas testosteroni is a gram-negative bacterium able to use steroids (as well as many other aromatic compounds) as a sole carbon source; it is an attractive model for the study of the mechanisms involved in the mineralization of these bioactive compounds for their removal from the environment (3,5,6,11,19,26,30,37,38). C. testosteroni metabolizes certain steroids through a complex metabolic pathway involving many steps catalyzed by steroid-inducible enzymes (11,26,38,42). Interestingly, recent works revealed that testosterone simultaneously induced both steroid-and PAH-metabolizing enzymes in this bacterium (29,36). For this reason, the study of the mechanisms regulating the steroid-inducible gene transcription is concerned with understanding both catabolic pathways.While the genes encoding some of the enzymes catalyzing the oxidoreduction at different positions of the steroid nucleus and the ring openin...

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Isolation and characterization of resin acid degrading bacteria found in effluent from a bleached kraft pulp mill

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

A Cytochrome P450 Involved in the Metabolism of Abietane Diterpenoids by Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9

A Cytochrome P450 Involved in the Metabolism of Abietane Diterpenoids by Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9

Direct determination of resin and fatty acids in process waters of paper industries by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

TeiR, a LuxR-Type Transcription Factor Required for Testosterone Degradation inComamonas testosteroni

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