Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites isolated from the spotless starling (<i>Sturnus unicolor</i>) and cross‐species amplification in the European starling (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>)

Celis, Patricia; Gil, Diego; Graves, Jeff A.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01571.x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…European starlings are socially but not always genetically monogamous. To determine whether a pair that obtained a nest box and incubated eggs was in fact the genetic parents (or true winners), we conducted a parentage analysis using five microsatellite loci previously developed for Sturnus unicolor (Celis et al 2006) in Cervus 3.0 (Field Genetics, London, UK) (Kalinowski et al 2007), a computer program that uses codominant genotypic data to test among multiple candidate parents of a given offspring. We considered a parent pair to be the genetic parents when offspring were assigned at the ‘strict’ confidence level (95%) and had no more than one allelic mismatch with the parental pair.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and breeding status are associated with the expression of GnIH

Calisi

Díaz‐Muñoz

Wingfield

et al. 2011

Genes, Brain and Behavior

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Discoveries of how social behavior can influence the plasticity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have revolutionized the field of behavioral neuroendocrinology by providing new insights into the neural mechanisms controlling behavior. In 2000, the neuropeptide gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) was discovered and is changing the way we view how the brain mediates reproduction and associated behaviors. GnIH acts as a reproductive 'pause button', momentarily inhibiting the activity of the reproductive system. However, how GnIH fluctuates naturally in response to social environment is unknown. We examine how the outcome of competition for limited resources needed for reproduction is associated with GnIH. We experimentally manipulated nesting opportunities for pairs of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and examined brain GnIH mRNA and peptide content, as well as GnRH content and plasma testosterone and corticosterone. By limiting the number of nest boxes per enclosure and thus the number of social pairing and nesting opportunities, we observed that birds which outcompeted others for nest boxes ('winners') had significantly fewer numbers of GnIH peptide-producing cells than those without nest boxes ('losers') and this relationship changed with breeding stage. GnRH content, testosterone and corticosterone did not vary with nest box ownership. Thus, while birds appeared reproductively capable across treatments, our data indicate that GnIH may serve as a modulator of reproductive behaviors in response to social environment. Additionally, we provide some evidence of the adaptive value of this mechanism. . For all vertebrates studied, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) family of peptides is a key regulator of the reproductive, or hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG), axis. Gonadotropinreleasing hormone released from the hypothalamus signals the anterior pituitary gland to release the gonadotropic hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) into the bloodstream. Luteinizing hormone and FSH then promote testicular spermatogenesis, follicular growth and estradiol and testosterone release which feedback to and modulate all levels of the HPG axis. Several studies on how social behavior can influence the plasticity of the GnRH system have revolutionized the field of behavioral and reproductive neuroendocrinology by expanding our understanding of how social interactions can influence neural mechanisms associated with reproduction (Burmeister 2005;Fox et al. 1997;Francis et al. 1993). The discovery of the novel neurohormone gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH; Tsutsui et al.) in 2000 is changing the way we view how reproduction and sexual behavior are regulated by the brain.Found in the area of the brain responsible for reproduction, the hypothalamus, GnIH inhibits reproduction and sexual behavior. Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone decreases the activity of GnRH neurons in addition to reducing synthesis and release of the gonadotropins LH and, in some cases, FSH from the pituita...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and breeding status are associated with the expression of GnIH

Calisi

Díaz‐Muñoz

Wingfield

et al. 2011

Genes, Brain and Behavior

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“…DNA was extracted from blood samples of adults and chicks using the PUREGENE protocol (Gentra Systems). Genotypes were obtained for nine highly polymorphic microsatellite loci: Pca7 (Dawson et al, 2000); FhU2 (Primmer et al, 1996); Sta308, Sta269, Sta97, Sta294, Sta296, Sta213, and Sta70 (Celis et al, 2007), following the protocols in Celis et al (2007). Genotypes were obtained for 317 adults (171 females and 146 males) and 1,225 offspring.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Strategies Change With Time in a Newly Founded Colony of Spotless Starlings (Sturnus unicolor)

2021

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Variation in avian reproductive strategies is often studied from a comparative perspective, since even closely-related taxa differ greatly in the degree of polygyny, extra-pair paternity (EPP) or intra-specific brood-parasitism. However, substantial variation at the species level suggests that ecological factors are important in shaping these patterns. In this study, we examined the temporal plasticity of these strategies, following a population from the year of colony formation to 2 years after this. Parentage data from these years shows that polygyny decreased with time, likely as a consequence of increased competition for nesting sites and mates by new recruits, and immigrants of higher quality arriving to the colony as time passed. In parallel to this temporal change, we found an increase in intra-specific brood-parasitism and quasi-parasitism (QP). We interpret these patterns as a consequence of an increase of floaters with time; these birds pursue a mixture of alternative mating strategies to succeed in the population. We also found evidence of conspecific brood parasitism (CBP), by nesting females that laid part of the clutch in another nest or that after losing a partially laid clutch resorted to lay the last eggs in another nest. Analyses of the distance between the main nest and nests containing the secondary polygynous brood or extra-pair or parasitic young showed an avoidance of contiguous nests for conducting these alternative reproductive tactics. At the same time, these secondary nests were closer to the main nest than random distances within the colony, suggesting that access to public information was restricted to a narrow area around the main nest. Our study emphasizes how behavioral patterns are plastic traits that vary not only with individual circumstances, but also with time, tracking changes in density and social structure.

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“…In addition, the eight primer pairs of microsatellite loci for starlings of the genus Sturnus were tested (Celis et al , 2007), following the PCR cycles of Celis et al (2007). Sequencing and genotyping of the PCR products were carried out in the same manner as described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the primer pairs showing multi loci or difficult genotyping with stutter peaks were eliminated, seven pairs were found to be well scored (Table 2). On the other hand, one of eight primer pairs of Celis et al (2007) was polymorphic in Bali myna (Sta269). We checked the DNA sequences of the PCR product and confirmed that microsatellite DNA was included.…”

Section: Microsatellitementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers and mitochondrialcytochrome c oxidase subunit IIgene in Bali mynaLeucopsar rothschildi

Ogata¹,

Ishii²,

Onuma

2020

International Zoo Yearbook

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The aim of this study was to develop polymorphic DNA markers for Bali myna Leucopsar rothschildi. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) gene was sequenced, and polymorphic microsatellite loci were searched using Next Generation Sequencing. Three haplotypes of mitochondrial COII gene were found in a Japanese population of Bali myna in human care. Eight polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers were also identified. In a sample group of 22 individuals, numbers of alleles and expected heterozygosities of the eight microsatellite loci ranged from two to three and 0Á241 to 0Á609, respectively. These results suggested that the genetic variation of this species might be low, similar to that of other threatened bird species.

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Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites isolated from the spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) and cross‐species amplification in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Social and breeding status are associated with the expression of GnIH

Social and breeding status are associated with the expression of GnIH

Reproductive Strategies Change With Time in a Newly Founded Colony of Spotless Starlings (Sturnus unicolor)

Characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers and mitochondrialcytochrome c oxidase subunit IIgene in Bali mynaLeucopsar rothschildi

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