Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the raccoon (<i>Procyon lotor</i>)

Siripunkaw, C.; Kongrit, Chalita; Faries, Kaitlyn M.; Monello, Ryan J.; Gompper, Matthew E.; Eggert, Lori S.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01922.x

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Each individual was genotyped at 14 unlinked nuclear microsatellite loci developed for raccoons (Ruiz-López et al 2012;Siripunkaw et al 2008). As DNA derived from trace samples may have low DNA quality and quantity, DNA samples extracted from hair that were initially identified as heterozygous genotypes were confirmed in at least two separate reactions and homozygous genotypes were confirmed in at least three separate reactions.…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between clumped resources, social aggregation, and genetic relatedness in the raccoon

et al. 2015

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The extent to which individuals within a population live in groups is often variable, as group formation is most likely to occur when the benefits of group-living outweigh the costs. The distribution of resources can underpin the likelihood of group formation by altering costs associated with individuals aggregating. By influencing the extent of groupliving, resources may also influence relatedness patterns. To address this, we examined relatedness in raccoons (Procyon lotor) by combining spatial and genetic data in an experimental framework wherein resources were manipulated. We tested for differences in patterns of genetic relatedness among 12 sites subject to three treatments: no supplemental food; supplemental food added in a dispersed, non-predictable fashion; and clumped, predictable food supplements resulting in aggregations. We measured mean relatedness for >500 raccoons using blood and hair samples genotyped at 14 nuclear microsatellites and tested for differences between sites and sexes. For two sites, we radio-tracked raccoons and calculated volume of intersection (VI) values, which measure the probability of co-occurrence between individuals' home ranges, and calculated the relationship between VI and relatedness. Telemetry data indicated that raccoons exposed to clumped food shifted their home ranges, in turn perturbing patterns of relatedness between individuals, especially among females. This was exhibited through a positive association between VI and relatedness for females at the site with dispersed food, which was not observed among males or at the site with clumped food. At the landscape level, sites differed significantly in mean relatedness, but there were no clear patterns that corresponded to treatments. Overall, our observations support expectations of the resource dispersion hypothesis, wherein individuals modify ranges to include clumped resources if the costs of tolerating other individuals are low.

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Section: Dna Extraction and Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplay between clumped resources, social aggregation, and genetic relatedness in the raccoon

et al. 2015

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“…The large number of microsatellite loci now available for raccoons (see Cullingham et al 2006, Fike et al 2007, Siripunkaw et al 2008 will allow for similar studies to be easily and inexpensively conducted in the future. These markers possess the utility to provide basic ecological information of raccoons and also provide key details about raccoon population structure that can be used to manipulate ORV activities in heterogeneous landscapes.…”

Section: Fig 2 Regression Analysis Of Pairwise Slatkin's Linearizedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Genetics of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Associated with Ridges and Valleys of Pennsylvania: Implications for Oral Rabies Vaccination Programs

Root

Puskas

Fischer

et al. 2009

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Raccoons are the reservoir for the raccoon rabies virus variant in the United States. To combat this threat, oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs are conducted in many eastern states. To aid in these efforts, the genetic structure of raccoons (Procyon lotor) was assessed in southwestern Pennsylvania to determine if select geographic features (i.e., ridges and valleys) serve as corridors or hindrances to raccoon gene flow (e.g., movement) and, therefore, rabies virus trafficking in this physiographic region. Raccoon DNA samples (n ϭ 185) were collected from one ridge site and two adjacent valleys in southwestern Pennsylvania (Westmoreland, Cambria, Fayette, and Somerset counties). Raccoon genetic structure within and among these study sites was characterized at nine microsatellite loci. Results indicated that there was little population subdivision among any sites sampled. Furthermore, analyses using a model-based clustering approach indicated one essentially panmictic population was present among all the raccoons sampled over a reasonably broad geographic area (e.g., sites up to 36 km apart). However, a signature of isolation by distance was detected, suggesting that widths of ORV zones are critical for success. Combined, these data indicate that geographic features within this landscape influence raccoon gene flow only to a limited extent, suggesting that ridges of this physiographic system will not provide substantial long-term natural barriers to rabies virus trafficking. These results may be of value for future ORV efforts in Pennsylvania and other eastern states with similar landscapes.

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“…Individuals were genotyped using 12 unlinked nuclear microsatellite loci [41]. For each individual we used program IRmacroN3 (W. Amos, Cambridge University) to calculate three measures of genetic variability: observed heterozygosity (H o ), internal relatedness (IR) and heterozygosity weighted by locus (HL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability and viral seroconversion in an outcrossing vertebrate population

2010

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Inverse correlations between genetic variability and parasitism are important concerns for conservation biologists. We examined correlations between neutral genetic variability and the presence of antibodies to canine distemper virus (CDV) and feline parvovirus (FPV) in a free-ranging population of raccoons. Over 3 years there was a strong relationship between age and seroprevalence rates. Most young animals were seronegative to CDV and FPV, but the oldest age class was greater than 80 per cent seropositive to both viruses. CDV-seropositive animals had greater heterozygosity and lower measures of inbreeding compared with CDV-seronegative animals. This relationship was strongest among the youngest animals and did not occur during a 1 year CDV epidemic. In contrast, FPV-seropositive animals only had significantly lower measures of inbreeding in 1 year, perhaps because FPV-associated mortality is relatively low or primarily occurs among very young individuals that were under-represented in our sampling. These results suggest that even in large outcrossing populations, animals with lower heterozygosity and higher measures of inbreeding are less likely to successfully mount an immune response when challenged by highly pathogenic parasites.

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Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the raccoon (Procyon lotor)

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

The interplay between clumped resources, social aggregation, and genetic relatedness in the raccoon

The interplay between clumped resources, social aggregation, and genetic relatedness in the raccoon

Landscape Genetics of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Associated with Ridges and Valleys of Pennsylvania: Implications for Oral Rabies Vaccination Programs

Genetic variability and viral seroconversion in an outcrossing vertebrate population

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