Isolation and characterization of O-acetylated glucomannans from aspen and birch wood

Teleman, Anita; Nordström, Maria; Tenkanen, Maija; Jacobs, Anna; Dahlman, Olof

doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00491-3

Cited by 134 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Poplar wood consists of about 50% cellulose, 30% hemicellulose, and 20% lignin (Balatinecz et al, 2001). The major hemicellulose in aspens is O-acetyl-(4-O-methylglucurono)-xylan, but a smaller portion of O-acetylated glucomannan is also present (Gustavsson et al, 2001;Teleman et al, 2003). While the overall process of lignin biosynthesis has been studied intensively (for review, see Boerjan et al, 2003), this is not the case for the biosynthesis of the cell wall carbohydrate polymers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Involved in the Secondary Cell Wall Biogenesis in Hybrid Aspen

et al. 2005

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Wood formation is a fundamental biological process with significant economic interest. While lignin biosynthesis is currently relatively well understood, the pathways leading to the synthesis of the key structural carbohydrates in wood fibers remain obscure. We have used a functional genomics approach to identify enzymes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis and remodeling during xylem development in the hybrid aspen Populus tremula × tremuloides. Microarrays containing cDNA clones from different tissue-specific libraries were hybridized with probes obtained from narrow tissue sections prepared by cryosectioning of the developing xylem. Bioinformatic analyses using the sensitive tools developed for carbohydrate-active enzymes allowed the identification of 25 xylem-specific glycosyltransferases belonging to the Carbohydrate-Active EnZYme families GT2, GT8, GT14, GT31, GT43, GT47, and GT61 and nine glycosidases (or transglycosidases) belonging to the Carbohydrate-Active EnZYme families GH9, GH10, GH16, GH17, GH19, GH28, GH35, and GH51. While no genes encoding either polysaccharide lyases or carbohydrate esterases were found among the secondary wall-specific genes, one putative O-acetyltransferase was identified. These wood-specific enzyme genes constitute a valuable resource for future development of engineered fibers with improved performance in different applications.

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Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Involved in the Secondary Cell Wall Biogenesis in Hybrid Aspen

et al. 2005

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“…These results were quite different from the sugar composition of hemicelluloses extracted with DMSO from hybrid poplar wood , in which the contents of glucose and mannose were considerably higher. This apparent difference was probably caused by the dissolution and elimination of glucomannans during the pretreatment process, since glucomannans are easily dissolved in hot water due to their relatively lower molecular weight (Teleman et al 2003).…”

Section: Content Of Neutral Sugars and Uronic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Hemicelluloses Obtained from Partially Delignified Eucalyptus Using Ionic Liquid Pretreatment

Xu¹,

Xu²,

Sun³

2013

BioResources

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Lignocellulosic biomass is a relatively inexpensive and abundant feedstock for biofuel production. The key to unlocking the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses is an effective pretreatment process. A promising new pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass is the use of ionic liquids (ILs). In this study, wood flour was partially dissolved in the novel ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acesulfamate ([BMIM]Ace) mixed with different organic solvents (1,4-dioxane, acetone, methanol, DMSO, and DMF) followed by precipitation in water. Hemicelluloses were successfully extracted from the carbohydrate-enriched residues by an alkaline ethanol solvent. Sugar analysis of the hemicellulosic fractions indicated that xylose (63.25-74.85%) was the major sugar component, while small amounts of glucose (4.85-14.40%) and galactose (4.49-7.32%) were also observed. Molecular weights of these fractions varied between 49.330 and 60.760 g/mol as determined by GPC. NMR studies revealed that the hemicelluloses had a backbone of β-(1→4)-linked-Dxylopyranosyl units and were branched mainly through 4-O-methyl-α-Dglucuronic acid. The thermal degradation behavior of the hemicellulosic fractions showed that the most significant degradation occurred between 242 and 300 °C. Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; b: State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; *Corresponding author: rcsun3@bjfu.edu.cn Keywords: Pretreatment; Ionic liquid; Hemicelluloses; Characterization Contact information: a: Institute of Biomass INTRODUCTIONToday, the world's fossil fuel-based economy is facing problems and challenges. The depletion of fossil resources and global warming concerns have led to an intensified search for alternative resources to supply modern society. A potential solution to the problem is the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative, sustainable energy source. Therefore, extensive research on the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is currently being undertaken all over the world. In addition to its renewability, it can be used to produce chemicals and biofuels that do not compete with food production (Huber et al. 2006;Lynd et al. 1999). The term "lignocellulosic biomass" is often used to describe the material that composes the plant cell wall and is made up of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. In recent years, hemicelluloses have received greater attention because of their practical applications for bioconversion into fuels and chemicals.Hemicelluloses, the second most abundant constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, are not chemically well-defined compounds, but rather a family of polysaccharides, composed of different five-and six-carbon monosaccharide units (Rubin 2008). In general, hemicelluloses are mainly composed of pentoses (β-D-xylose, α-L-arabinose), PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Xu et al. (2013). "Ionic liquid pretreatment," BioResources 8(2), 1946-1962. 1947hexoses (β-D-mannos...

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“…Glucomannans of hardwoods vary in the glucose to mannose ratio between 1:2 and 1:1, and they may be acetylated (one OAc group per 2-3 hexose units) [6]. However, recent studies have indicated O-acetylation at the C2 or C3 position of some mannose residues of low-molecular weight fractions of aspen and birch glucomannans (DP of ~16) with a random distribution of acetyl groups and a degree of acetylation of ~0.3 [7].…”

Section: Hemicellulosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercializing Biorefinery Technology: A Case for the Multi-Product Pathway to a Viable Biorefinery

Amidon

Bujanovic

Liu

et al. 2011

Forests

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While there may be many reasons why very interesting science ideas never reach commercial practice, one of the more prevalent is that the reaction or process, which is scientifically possible, cannot be made efficient enough to achieve economic viability. One pathway to economic viability for many business sectors is the multi-product portfolio. Research, development, and deployment of viable biorefinery technology must meld sound science with engineering and business economics. It is virtually axiomatic that increased value can be generated by isolating relatively pure substances from heterogeneous raw materials. Woody biomass is a heterogeneous raw material consisting of the major structural components, cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses, as well as minor components, such as extractives and ash. Cellulose is a linear homopolymer of D-glucopyrano-units with β-D(14) connections and is the wood component most resistant to chemical and biological degradation. Lignin is a macromolecule of phenylpropanoid units, second to cellulose in bio-resistance, and is the key component that is sought for removal from woody biomass in chemical pulping. Hemicelluloses are a collection of heteropolysaccharides, comprised mainly of 5-and 6-carbon sugars. Extractives, some of which have high commercial value, are a collection of low molecular weight organic and inorganic woody materials that can be removed, to some extent, under mild conditions. Applied Biorefinery Sciences, LLC (a private, New York, USA based company) is commercializing a OPEN ACCESSForests 2011, 2 930 value-optimization pathway (the ABS Process™) for generating a multi-product portfolio by isolating and recovering homogeneous substances from each of the above mentioned major and minor woody biomass components. The ABS Process™ incorporates the patent pending, core biorefinery technology, -hot water extraction‖, as developed at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF). Hot water extraction in the absence of mineral acids and bases is preferred because of its ability to generate multiple high value output products without chemical input, recovery, or disposal costs. Instead of added chemicals in the cooking phase, the ABS Process™ relies upon an autocatalytic reaction in which acetyl groups, bound through an ester linkage to hemicellulose chains, are hydrolyzed at high temperature in water. The resulting acidic conditions (final pH ~3.5) and temperatures of 160-170 C permit further solubilization and diffusion of oligomeric 5-and 6-carbon sugars, acetic acid, aromatic substances, monomeric sugars, and other trace compounds into the extract solution. These conditions also avoid extensive degradation of monosaccharides, enabling membrane fractionation and other chemical separation techniques to be used in the following separations. A range of separation techniques are applied on the extract solution to isolate and purify fermentable sugars, acetic acid, lignin, furfural, formic acid, other hemicellulose ...

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Isolation and characterization of O-acetylated glucomannans from aspen and birch wood

Cited by 134 publications

References 27 publications

Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Involved in the Secondary Cell Wall Biogenesis in Hybrid Aspen

Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Involved in the Secondary Cell Wall Biogenesis in Hybrid Aspen

Characterization of Hemicelluloses Obtained from Partially Delignified Eucalyptus Using Ionic Liquid Pretreatment

Commercializing Biorefinery Technology: A Case for the Multi-Product Pathway to a Viable Biorefinery

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