Isolation and characterization of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from retail ground beef in Santiago, Chile

Toro, Mauricio; Rivera, Daniel G.; Jiménez, María Fernanda; Díaz, Leonela; Navarrete, Paola; Reyes-Jara, Angélica

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2017.10.015

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Despite the fact that low frequency of stx 2 gene was observed in this study, the occurrence of this gene was significantly higher than stx 1 ( p < 0.001). This observation was similar to the findings of the previous studies (Beutin et al, 2005; Jajarmi et al, 2017; Toro et al, 2018). Interestingly, stx 2 positive isolates also harbored stx 2 a and stx 2 d gene subtypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The high prevalence of hlyA gene may be attributed to the fact that hlyA is a plasmid encoded gene and as a result, it may be transferred between strains of the same species (Ateba and Mbewe, 2011). The hlyA gene encodes α-hemolysin, a toxin that lyses mammalian erythrocytes (Toro et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strains harboring these genes have been implicated in hemolytic colitis and hemorrhagic uremic syndrome infections in humans (Farrokh et al, 2013). It is also reported that a strain harboring stx 2 gene is more virulent than a strain carrying either stx 1 or both stx 1 and stx 2 (Farrokh et al, 2013; Toro et al, 2018). Moreover, stx 2 a and stx 2 d subtypes are associated with severe HC and HUS infections in human (Farrokh et al, 2013; Cha et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that tEPEC have been most often associated disease complications in humans, it is only recently that aEPEC been reported to cause diseases in both animals and humans (Malik et al, 2017). This may account for the reason why previous studies that have been documented worldwide and in the study area have focused on EHEC, especially E. coli O157 and non-O157 strains that received great attention due to its high pathogenicity (Ateba and Bezuidenhout, 2008; Ateba and Mbewe, 2011; Iwu et al, 2016; Jajarmi et al, 2017; Toro et al, 2018). The findings of most of these studies were in agreement with previous reports indicating that EHEC strains possessed stx, stx 2 , hlyA , and eaeA gene determinants that enhance their potential to cause infections such as diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans (Farrokh et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Virulent Multi-Drug Resistant Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O177 Serogroup From South African Cattle

Montso

Mlambo

Ateba

2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) is a group of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli with high diversity of serogroups, which lack the bundle-forming pili (BFP) and genes encoding for shiga toxins. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and determine virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of aEPEC O177 strains from cattle feces. A total of 780 samples were collected from beef and dairy cattle and analyzed for the presence of E. coli O177. One thousand two hundred and seventy-two (1272) presumptive isolates were obtained and 915 were confirmed as E. coli species. Three hundred and seventy-six isolates were positively confirmed as E. coli O177 through amplification of rmlB and wzy gene sequences using multiplex PCR. None of these isolates harbored bfpA gene. A larger proportion (12.74%) of the isolates harbored hlyA gene while 11.20, 9.07, 7.25, 2.60, and 0.63% possessed stx2, stx1, eaeA, stx2a, and stx2d, respectively. Most of E. coli O177 isolates carried stx2/hlyA (9.74%). Furthermore, 7.40% of the isolates harbored stx1/stx2 while 7.09% possessed stx1/stx2/hlyA genes. Only one isolate harbored stx1/stx2/hly/eaeA/stx2a/stx2d while 5.11% of the isolates harbored all the four major virulence genes stx1/stx2/hlyA/eaeA, simultaneously. Further analysis revealed that the isolates displayed varied antimicrobial resistance to erythromycin (63.84%), ampicillin (21.54%), tetracycline (13.37%), streptomycin (17.01%), kanamycin (2.42%), chloramphenicol (1.97%), and norfloxacin (1.40%). Moreover, 20.7% of the isolates exhibited different phenotypic multi-drug resistance patterns. All 73 isolates harbored at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. The aadA, streA, streB, erm, and tetA resistance genes were detected separately and/or concurrently. In conclusion, our findings indicate that environmental isolates of aEPEC O177 strains obtained from cattle in South Africa harbored virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene determinants similar to those reported in other shiga-toxin producing E. coli strains and suggest that these determinants may contribute to the virulence of the isolates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Virulent Multi-Drug Resistant Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O177 Serogroup From South African Cattle

Montso

Mlambo

Ateba

2019

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Food products elaborated with ground beef are considered an epidemiologically important source of STEC infections due to contamination spread during mincing [22,112]. Although the stx prevalence estimated by the QMRA in ground beef at retail (73.6%) was similar to that reported in Chile, Brazil, USA, Italy, Spain and Australia (2.1-49.3%) [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120], studies conducted in Argentina have reported a lower prevalence (6.1-45.3%) (S5 Table). Differences may be due to true differences in STEC shedding rates in cattle, GMP and HACCP practices in the abattoir and storage conditions at retail.…”

Section: Retailmentioning

confidence: 53%

Quantitative risk assessment of haemolytic uremic syndrome associated with beef consumption in Argentina

et al. 2020

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We developed a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) of haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-contaminated beef (intact beef cuts, ground beef and commercial hamburgers) in children under 15 years of age from Argentina. The QMRA was used to characterize STEC prevalence and concentration levels in each product through the Argentinean beef supply chain, including cattle primary production, cattle transport, processing and storage in the abattoir, retail and home preparation, and consumption. Median HUS probability from beef cut, ground beef and commercial hamburger consumption was <10−15, 5.4x10-8 and 3.5x10-8, respectively. The expected average annual number of HUS cases was 0, 28 and 4, respectively. Risk of infection and HUS probability were sensitive to the type of abattoir, the application or not of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) for STEC (HACCP-STEC), stx prevalence in carcasses and trimmings, storage conditions from the abattoir to retailers and home, the joint consumption of salads and beef products, and cooking preference. The QMRA results showed that the probability of HUS was higher if beef cuts (1.7x) and ground beef (1.2x) were from carcasses provided by abattoirs not applying HACCP-STEC. Thus, the use of a single sanitary standard that included the application of HACCP-STEC in all Argentinean abattoirs would greatly reduce HUS incidence. The average number of annual HUS cases estimated by the QMRA (n = 32) would explain about 10.0% of cases in children under 15 years per year in Argentina. Since other routes of contamination can be involved, including those not related to food, further research on the beef production chain, other food chains, person-to-person transmission and outbreak studies should be conducted to reduce the impact of HUS on the child population of Argentina.

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Distribution of Locus of Adhesion and Autoaggregation and hes Gene in STEC Strains from Countries of Latin America

et al. 2020

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic food pathogens associated with foodborne diarrheal illness, hemorrhagic colitis, and complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The ability to adhere to epithelial cells is an important virulence trait, and pathogenicity islands (PAIs) play an important role on it. Some STEC carrying a PAI named locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE-positive) have been frequently associated to HUS; however, STEC that do not carry LEE (LEE-negative) have also been associated with this outcome. The burden of disease caused by LEE-negative STEC has increased recently in several countries like Argentina, Chile, and Paraguay. A new PAI -the Locus of Adhesion and Autoagregation (LAA)-has been associated to severe disease in humans. In this study, we aimed to analyze the distribution of LAA and its possible predictor, the gene hes, in LEE-negative STEC strains isolated from Chile and Paraguay from different sources. The presence of the different LAA modules and hes were detected by PCR. LAA was found in 41.6% and 41.0% of strains isolated from Chile and Paraguay, respectively. Strains were isolated from diverse origins and belonged to several serogroups including O91, O103, and O113. The hes gene was detected in 50% of the isolates from Paraguay and Chile. Therefore, the detection of LAA and hes in STEC could complement current genetic evaluation schemes, allowing to classify LEE negative STEC strains as LAA-positive or LAA-negative STEC strains.

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Isolation and characterization of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from retail ground beef in Santiago, Chile

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

The First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Virulent Multi-Drug Resistant Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O177 Serogroup From South African Cattle

The First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Virulent Multi-Drug Resistant Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O177 Serogroup From South African Cattle

Quantitative risk assessment of haemolytic uremic syndrome associated with beef consumption in Argentina

Distribution of Locus of Adhesion and Autoaggregation and hes Gene in STEC Strains from Countries of Latin America

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