Isolation and Characterization of New MIKC‐Type MADS‐Box Genes from the Moss <i>Physcomitrella patens</i>

Riese, Maike; Faigl, Wolfram; Quodt, Vanessa; Verelst, Wim; Matthes, Annemarie; Saedler, Heinz; Münster, Thomas

doi:10.1055/s-2005-865640

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…MIKC*-type genes are not only present in higher eudicots but have also been identified in representatives of all major groups of land plants, including bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, basal angiosperms, eudicots, and monocots (Henschel et al, 2002;Kofuji et al, 2003;Riese et al, 2005;Rensing et al, 2008;Zobell et al, 2010;Gramzow et al, 2012;Kwantes et al, 2012). In ferns and seed plants, two different monophyletic lineages of MIKC*-type genes could be identified, the P-and S-clades, which are not present in bryophytes or lycophytes (Nam et al, 2004;Gramzow et al, 2012;Kwantes et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Functional Conservation of MIKC-Type MADS Box Genes in Arabidopsis* and Rice Pollen Maturation

et al. 2013

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There are two groups of MADS intervening keratin-like and C-terminal (MIKC)-type MADS box genes, MIKC C type and MIKC* type. In seed plants, the MIKC C type shows considerable diversity, but the MIKC* type has only two subgroups, P-and S-clade, which show conserved expression in the gametophyte. To examine the functional conservation of MIKC*-type genes, we characterized all three rice (Oryza sativa) MIKC*-type genes. All three genes are specifically expressed late in pollen development. The single knockdown or knockout lines, respectively, of the S-clade MADS62 and MADS63 did not show a mutant phenotype, but lines in which both S-clade genes were affected showed severe defects in pollen maturation and germination, as did knockdown lines of MADS68, the only P-clade gene in rice. The rice MIKC*-type proteins form strong heterodimeric complexes solely with partners from the other subclade; these complexes specifically bind to N10-type C-A-rich-G-boxes in vitro and regulate downstream gene expression by binding to N10-type promoter motifs. The rice MIKC* genes have a much lower degree of functional redundancy than the Arabidopsis thaliana MIKC* genes. Nevertheless, our data indicate that the function of heterodimeric MIKC*-type protein complexes in pollen development has been conserved since the divergence of monocots and eudicots, roughly 150 million years ago.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Functional Conservation of MIKC-Type MADS Box Genes in Arabidopsis* and Rice Pollen Maturation

et al. 2013

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“…Specificity was nevertheless preserved because only MADS-box genes that belong to the MIKC* clade were isolated. In earlier research, 11 MIKC* MADS-box genes had been identified in the moss P. patens (Henschel et al 2002;Riese et al 2005;Rensing et al 2008). In this study, 16 new bryophyte homologues were cloned: 1 from the liverwort M. polymorpha (MpMADS1), 4 from the basal moss S. subsecundum (SsMADS1 through SsMADS4 [Sphagnum subsecundum MADS-box genes 1 through 4]), and 11 from a close relative of P. patens, the moss F. hygrometrica (FhMADS1 through…”

Section: Phylogeny and Expression Of Mikc* Mads-box Genes In Bryophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, little is known about MIKC* MADS-box genes in land plants other than Arabidopsis. As many as 11 genes are present in the moss P. patens (Rensing et al 2008), though only 2 of them have been analyzed up to now (Riese et al 2005). Herein, we report on the cloning and characterization of the MIKC* MADS-box genes from three bryophyte species: the mosses F. hygrometrica and S. subsecundum and the liverwort M. polymorpha.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIKC* MADS-Box Proteins: Conserved Regulators of the Gametophytic Generation of Land Plants

Zobell

Faigl

Saedler

et al. 2010

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Land plants (embryophytes) are characterized by an alternation of two generations, the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte. The development of the small and simple male gametophyte of the flowering plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) critically depends on the action of five MIKC* group MCM1-AGAMOUS-DEFICIENS-SRF-box (MADSbox) proteins. In this study, these MIKC* MADS-box genes were isolated from land plants with relatively large and complex gametophyte bodies, namely the bryophytes. We found that although the gene family expanded in the mosses Sphagnum subsecundum, Physcomitrella patens, and Funaria hygrometrica, only a single homologue, Marchantia polymorpha MADSbox gene 1 (MpMADS1), has been retained in the liverwort M. polymorpha. Liverworts are the earliest diverging land plants, and so a comparison of MpMADS1 with its angiosperm homologues addresses the molecular evolution of an embryophyte-specific transcription factor over the widest phylogenetic distance. MpMADS1 was found to form a homodimeric DNA-binding complex, which is in contrast to the Arabidopsis proteins that are functional only as heterodimeric complexes. The M. polymorpha homodimer, nevertheless, recognizes the same DNA sequences as its angiosperm counterparts and can functionally replace endogenous MIKC* complexes to a significant extent when heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis pollen. The 11 MIKC* homologues from the moss F. hygrometrica are highly and almost exclusively expressed in the gametophytic generation. Taken together, these findings suggest that MIKC* MADSbox proteins have largely preserved molecular roles in the gametophytic generation of land plants.

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“…The MIKC* genes in moss distinguish themselves from classical type II genes because of their longer I-domain, which is encoded by four or five exons, whereas the shorter I-domain of MIKC c proteins is encoded by a single exon (Henschel et al, 2002;Riese et al, 2005). The Arabidopsis Md genes also meet these criteria (Kofuji et al, 2003), and therefore we refer to them as Arabidopsis MIKC* genes (AtMIKC*).…”

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confidence: 99%

MIKC* MADS-Protein Complexes Bind Motifs Enriched in the Proximal Region of Late Pollen-Specific Arabidopsis Promoters

2006

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The genome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) encodes over 100 MADS-domain transcription factors, categorized into five phylogenetic subgroups. Most research efforts have focused on just one of these subgroups (MIKCc), whereas the other four remain largely unexplored. Here, we report on five members of the so-called Mδ or Arabidopsis MIKC* (AtMIKC*) subgroup, which are predominantly expressed during the late stages of pollen development. Very few MADS-box genes function in mature pollen, and from this perspective, the AtMIKC* genes are therefore highly exceptional. We found that the AtMIKC* proteins are able to form multiple heterodimeric complexes in planta, and that these protein complexes exhibit a for the MADS-family unusual and high DNA binding specificity in vitro. Compared to their occurrence in promoters genome wide, AtMIKC* binding sites are strongly overrepresented in the proximal region of late pollen-specific promoters. By combining our experimental data with in silico genomics and pollen transcriptomics approaches, we identified a considerable number of putative direct target genes of the AtMIKC* transcription factor complexes in pollen, many of which have known or proposed functions in pollen tube growth. The expression of several of these predicted targets is altered in mutant pollen in which all AtMIKC* complexes are affected, and in vitro germination of this mutant pollen is severely impaired. Our data therefore suggest that the AtMIKC* protein complexes play an essential role in transcriptional regulation during late pollen development.

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Isolation and Characterization of New MIKC‐Type MADS‐Box Genes from the Moss Physcomitrella patens

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Functional Conservation of MIKC-Type MADS Box Genes in Arabidopsis* and Rice Pollen Maturation

Functional Conservation of MIKC-Type MADS Box Genes in Arabidopsis* and Rice Pollen Maturation

MIKC* MADS-Box Proteins: Conserved Regulators of the Gametophytic Generation of Land Plants

MIKC* MADS-Protein Complexes Bind Motifs Enriched in the Proximal Region of Late Pollen-Specific Arabidopsis Promoters

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Isolation and Characterization of New MIKC‐Type MADS‐Box Genes from the Moss Physcomitrella patens

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Functional Conservation of MIKC*-Type MADS Box Genes in Arabidopsis and Rice Pollen Maturation

Functional Conservation of MIKC*-Type MADS Box Genes in Arabidopsis and Rice Pollen Maturation

MIKC* MADS-Box Proteins: Conserved Regulators of the Gametophytic Generation of Land Plants

MIKC* MADS-Protein Complexes Bind Motifs Enriched in the Proximal Region of Late Pollen-Specific Arabidopsis Promoters

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Functional Conservation of MIKC-Type MADS Box Genes in Arabidopsis* and Rice Pollen Maturation

Functional Conservation of MIKC-Type MADS Box Genes in Arabidopsis* and Rice Pollen Maturation