Isolation and Characterization of NDM-Positive Escherichia coli from Municipal Wastewater in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Mantilla‐Calderon, David; Jumat, Muhammad Raihan; Wang, Tiannyu; Pugalenthi, Ganesan; Aljassim, Nada I.; Hong, Pei‐Ying

doi:10.1128/aac.00236-16

Cited by 42 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, the EC121 strain belongs to ST101, which has been previously reported to be involved in nosocomial outbreaks caused by Metallo-β-lactamases-producing strains in many countries from Europe, Asia, and Oceania [26–30]. Furthermore, ST101 has also been detected among strains of non-outbreak related extraintestinal infections [31–38], water [39], poultry infection [40], retail food [31,41– 43], and healthy human and animal intestinal microbiota [38,44–47], mostly presenting an MDR phenotype. Shrestha et al [48] drew attention to ST101 due to the PDR phenotype presented by some strains of this ST, and mainly because it is not considered a pandemic clone, although it has been isolated worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence potential of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain belonging to the emerging clonal group ST101-B1 isolated from bloodstream infection

Santos

Silva

Valiatti

et al. 2019

Preprint

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28Escherichia coli EC121 is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain isolated from bloodstream 29 infection of an inpatient with persistent gastroenteritis and Zone T lymphoma that died 30 due to septic shock. Despite causing an extraintestinal infection, strain EC121 harbors 31 very few known virulence factors associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli 32 (ExPEC). Furthermore, this strain was assigned to phylogenetic group B1, which is 33 usually related to commensals or diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) strains, being rarely linked 34 to extraintestinal infections. The question rises if E. coli EC121 is opportunistic or does 35 have a true virulence potential. To address this question the genome of strain EC121 was 36 sequenced, and an in vitro characterization of some pathogenic-associated properties was 37 performed. The data retrieved from genome analyses showed that E. coli strain EC121 38 belongs to the O154:H25 serotype, and to the sequence type 101-B1 (ST101-B1), which 39 has been epidemiologically linked to extraintestinal infections and antimicrobial 40 resistance spread as well. Moreover, it is shown to be closely related to Shiga-toxin 41 producing E. coli (STEC). Besides, strain EC121 is an MDR strain harboring 14 42 antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-2 , and more than 50 complete virulence 43 genetic clusters, which are reported to be associated either with DEC or ExPEC, or both. 44Strain EC121 also displays the capacity to adhere to and invade HeLa cells, intestinal 45 Caco-2 cells and bladder T24 cells, as well as the ability to form biofilms on abiotic 46 surfaces, and survive the bactericidal serum complement activity. Altogether, the genetic 47 and phenotypic traits presented by E. coli EC121 may be unveiling a pathogen powered 48 by its multi-drug resistance characteristic. The recognition of such MDR pathogens 49 makes it essential to carry out studies providing accurate information about their virulence 50 potential. Such studies will help in the development of alternative therapies of infection 51 management and spread control of MDR strains. [Research article] [Santos el al., 2019] 3 52 53 Author summary 57 Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli are mostly associated with phylogenetic 58 group B2 and the majority of the studies regarding extraintestinal infection focus on the 59 most virulent strains, which might also possess multidrug-resistant phenotype, like the 60 ST131 strains. On the other hand, strains that belong to phylogroup B1 and are isolated 61 from extraintestinal infections are almost neglected, being considered as merely 62opportunist pathogens, and the majority of studies reporting strains from this phylogroup 63 focus on antimicrobial resistance. We concentrated our research on one multidrug-64 resistant strain isolated from bloodstream infection that belongs to phylogenetic group B1 65 to enlarge the knowledge about the virulence of this kind of strain. We demonstrated that 66 strain EC121 has full potential to be considered a pathogenic strain, bec...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence potential of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain belonging to the emerging clonal group ST101-B1 isolated from bloodstream infection

Santos

Silva

Valiatti

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…β- d -Glucuronidase ( uidA ) was selected as the chromosomal marker since only one copy of this gene is present per E. coli genome (19). Differences in the decay of the chromosomal and plasmidic material of E.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E. coli PI7 was challenged with a supralethal meropenem concentration of 640 μg/ml, corresponding to a 10-fold increase of the MIC and a 5-fold increase of the lethal meropenem concentration reported for this strain (19). In summary, overnight cultures of E.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate and Persistence of a Pathogenic NDM-1-Positive Escherichia coli Strain in Anaerobic and Aerobic Sludge Microcosms

Mantilla‐Calderon

Hong

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The presence of emerging biological pollutants in treated wastewater effluents has gained attention due to increased interest in water reuse. To evaluate the effectiveness of the removal of such contaminants by the conventional wastewater treatment process, the fate and decay kinetics of NDM-1-positive Escherichia coli strain PI7 and its plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were assessed in microcosms of anaerobic and aerobic sludge. Results showed that E. coli PI7 decayed at a significantly lower rate under anaerobic conditions. Approximate half-lives were 32.4 ± 1.4 h and 5.9 ± 0.9 h in the anaerobic and aerobic microcosms, respectively. In the aerobic microcosms, after 72 h of operation, E. coli PI7 remained detectable, but no further decay was observed. Instead, 1 in every 10,000 E. coli cells was identified to be recalcitrant to decay and persist indefinitely in the sludge. ARGs associated with the E. coli PI7 strain were detected to have transferred to other native microorganisms in the sludge or were released to the liquid fraction upon host decay. Extracellular DNA quickly degraded in the liquid fraction of the aerobic sludge. In contrast, no DNA decay was detected in the anaerobic sludge water matrix throughout the 24-h sampling period. This study suggests an increased likelihood of environmental dispersion of ARGs associated with anaerobically treated wastewater effluents and highlights the potential importance of persister cells in the dissemination of E. coli in the environment during reuse events of treated wastewater.IMPORTANCE This study examines the decay kinetics of a pathogenic and antibiotic resistant strain of Escherichia coli in microcosms simulating biological treatment units of aerobic and anaerobic sludge. The results of this study point at a significantly prolonged persistence of the E. coli and the associated antibiotic resistance gene in the anaerobic sludge. However, horizontal transfer of the plasmid encoding the antibiotic resistance gene was detected in the aerobic sludge by a cultivation method. A subpopulation of persister E. coli cells was also detected in the aerobic sludge. The findings of this study suggest potential areas of concern arising from pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli during both anaerobic and aerobic sludge treatment processes.

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“…The K. pneumoniae genome and plasmids were binned using guanine‐cytosine content, average contig coverage and contig tetranucleotide frequency to differentiate between the assembled chromosomal genome and plasmidic genome (Haroon et al, ). Genome contigs were then annotated for resistance genes and other virulence traits using the RAST service (Aziz et al, ; Overbeek et al, ) and as described previously (Mantilla‐Calderon et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying occurrence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase bacteria among three produce types

Toh

Bokhari

Kutbi

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Safety

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A monitoring effort that spanned across 1.5 years was conducted to examine three types of produce‐associated microbiota. The average amount of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria recovered from lettuce, tomato, and cucumber was 1.02 × 1010, 2.05 × 107, and 4.78 × 109 cells per 50 g of each produce, respectively. A total of 480 bacterial isolates were obtained and identified from their 16S rRNA genes, revealing isolates that were ubiquitously recovered from all three types of produce. However, sporadic presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii was detected on lettuce and cucumbers but not tomatoes. End‐point PCR revealed that the K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii isolates were positive for genes encoding extended spectrum beta‐lactamase. Whole genome sequencing of two of the K. pneumoniae isolates further suggested the presence of the blaCTX‐M‐15 gene in a conjugative plasmid, as well as other antibiotic resistance genes and virulence‐associated traits in either conjugative plasmids or the chromosomal genome. Quantitative microbial risk assessment indicated varying levels of ingestion risk associated with different types of produce. In particular, the risk arising from ESBL‐positive K. pneumoniae in lettuce, but not in cucumbers or tomatoes, was higher than the acceptable annual risk of 10−4. Practical applications Three types of vegetables were sampled and evaluated over 1.5 years to determine differences in their associated bacterial isolates. Particular emphasis was placed on identifying pathogenic strains that were positive for extended spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL). Quantitative estimates of the microbial risk associated with the ESBL‐positive pathogens showed that different produce types may incur varying levels of ingestion risk. Most of the currently reported ESBL‐positive bacterial isolates have been identified in nosocomial environments. However, the carriage of such drug‐resistant bacteria in vegetables suggests a possible connection between our daily diet and human health.

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Isolation and Characterization of NDM-Positive Escherichia coli from Municipal Wastewater in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 42 publications

References 50 publications

Virulence potential of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain belonging to the emerging clonal group ST101-B1 isolated from bloodstream infection

Virulence potential of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain belonging to the emerging clonal group ST101-B1 isolated from bloodstream infection

Fate and Persistence of a Pathogenic NDM-1-Positive Escherichia coli Strain in Anaerobic and Aerobic Sludge Microcosms

Varying occurrence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase bacteria among three produce types

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