Isolation and characterization of Methanoplanus endosymbiosus sp. nov., an endosymbiont of the marine sapropelic ciliate Metopus contortus quennerstedt

Bruggen, J.J.A. van; Zwart, K.B.; Hermans, Julie; Hove, E. M. van; Stumm, Claudius K.; Vogels, Godfried D.

doi:10.1007/bf00409886

Cited by 115 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the case of Cyclidium, however, we are not quite confident whether, in fact, there were 2 different species; small scuticociliates are very dif- ficult to identify at the specific level and a genuine anaerobe belonging to the related genus Cristigera has recently been isolated (Fenchel unpubl, obs.). Otherwise, most of the dominating species of ciliates found in the anoxic layer have previously been established a s obligatory anaerobes in the laboratory (Fenchel et al groups are chrysomonads, bicoecids, choanoflagellates 1977, Van Bruggen et al 1986, Goosen et al 1988 as generally found in marine plankton (Fenchel 1986). Finlay .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water column anoxia: vertical zonation of planktonic protozoa

Fenchel¹,

Kristensen²,

Rasmussen³

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

121

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The vertical zonation of planktonic protozoa was studied in 2 Danish eutrophic fjords at localities with an anoxic layer of bottom-water. Three distinct assemblages of protozoa are found. The fully oxygenated surface waters harbour a typical ciliate-plankton assemblage dominated by tintinnids and other oligotrichs in addition to various gymnostome ciliates. Heterotrophic flagellates totally dominate as bacterivores. In the oxycline a quite different group of clliates occur; it 1s dominated by bacterivorous scuticociliates. Beneath the oxycline, in strictly anoxic and sulphide containing water, an assemblage of specialised anaerobic ciliates occurs. The high bacterial productivity in the oxycline is reflected by a biomass maximum of ciliates and to a lesser degree of heterotrophic flagellates. In anoxic microbial communities the biomass ratio between phagotrophs and their prey is much lower than in aerobic communities due to the low net growth efficiency of anaerobic eukaryotes The potential significance of methane production by methanogenic symbionts of anaerobic protozoa is discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water column anoxia: vertical zonation of planktonic protozoa

Fenchel¹,

Kristensen²,

Rasmussen³

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

121

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“…Acetate, methanol or methylamines are not used as substrates by strain SEBR 4845T which therefore cannot be placed as a member of the family Methanosarcinaceae. Methanoplanus, the only described genus in the family Methanoplanaceae, comprises three species, namely Methanoplanus endosymbiosus (Van Bruggen et al, 1986), Methanoplanus limicola (Wildgruber et al, 1982) and ' Methanoplanus petrolearius' (Ollivier et al, 1997). All are disc-shaped methanogens and therefore do not resemble strain SEBR 4845T morphologically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanocalculus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from an oil-producing well

Ollivier

Fardeau

Cayol

et al. 1998

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

129

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Two irregular coccoid methanogens designated SEBR 4845T and FRlT were isolated from an oilfield in Alsace, France. Strain SEBR 4845l (T = type strain) is a hydrogenotrophic halotolerant methanogen, which grows optimally at 5 O/ O NaCl (whr) and tolerates up t o 12O/0 NaCI. It does not use methylated compounds and therefore cannot be ascribed to any of the known genera of the halophilic methylotrophic methanogens. It differs from hydrogenotrophic members of the orders Methanococcales and Methanomicrobiales in the NaCl growth range (0-12% NaCI), which is the widest reported t o date for any hydrogenotrophic methanogen. 165 rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain SEBR 4845l is a novel isolate for which a new genus is proposed, Methanocalculus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. (= OCM 4703 that might be indigenous to the oilfield ecosystem. Strain FRlT (= OCM 471) is a moderately halophilic methanogen which grows optimally at 10% NaCl and tolerates up t o 20% NaCI. It grows on trimethylamine and methanol as carbon and energy sources. The G+C content of its DNA is 43 mol%. It is therefore phenotypically and genotypically related t o members of the genus Methanohalophilus. This report provides evidence that methylotrophic and hydrogenotrophic, but not aceticlastic methanogens are present in a saline subsurface oilfield environment, as already observed in surface saline t o hypersaline environments.

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“…Among these, the symbiotic forms living in the intestinal or urogenital tract of animals have so far attracted most attention (Muller, 1988, and references therein). Anaerobic protozoa also occur in aquatic sediments and in the water column of stratified lakes and anoxic marine basins, as well as in anaerobic sewage and in landfill sites (Fenchel, 1969;Fenchel et al, 1977Fenchel et al, ,1990Finlay, 1980;van Bruggen et al, 1986;Wagener & Pfennig, 1987;Goosen et al, 1988 ;Finlay et al, 1988). Among the freeliving forms, most is known about the anaerobic ciliates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H2 excretion has previously been demonstrated in several urogenital, intestinal and rumen protozoa (Yarlett et al, 1984;Muller, 1988). Among the hydrogenosorne-containing free-living ciliates, many also harbour endosymbiotic methanogenic bacteria which presumably depend on the H2 production of the host (van Bruggen et al, 1986;Wagener & Pfenning, 1987;Goosen et al, 1988;. The mechanism of energy metabolism of anaerobic ciliates which do not possess a hydrogenase is not known in any detail, but it must also be fermentative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen toxicity, respiration and behavioural responses to oxygen in free-living anaerobic ciliates

Fenchel

Finlay

1990

Journal of General Microbiology

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Three species of marine, anaerobic free-living ciliates (Metopus contortus, Plagiopyla frontata and ParabZepkisina collare) were studied with respect to their relation to 02. Survival was adversely affected at O2 tensions exceeding 1-2% of atmospheric (air) saturation (atm. sat.): ParablepMsma c o k e survived for about 1 h at 100% atm. sat., while the other two species survived the treatment for up to 2 d. Survival in the presence of O2 depended on the composition of the medium; cells survived longer in clean seawater than in culture medium which, when exposed to O,, became toxic. This is probably related to peroxide production mediated by solutes in the culture medium: addition of catalase prolonged survival. The ciliates did not contain catalase. Two of the species harbour endosymbiotic methanogens; at 0, tensions exceeding 2% atm. sat. the bacteria were inactivated, but they remained viable even after more than 5 h exposure to atmospheric O2 tension. Metopus contortus and Plagiopyla frontata respired 0, at rates similar to those of aerobic species; this 0, uptake is not coupled to energy conservation since the ciliates do not contain cytochromes, and low O2 tensions do not stimulate growth. 0, consumption is probably a detoxification mechanism which can maintain an intracellular anaerobic environment at a low ambient O2 tension. Metopus contortus and Plagiopyla frontata showed chemosensory behaviour in response to 0,; this allowed them to find and remain within anaerobic microhabitats.

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Isolation and characterization of Methanoplanus endosymbiosus sp. nov., an endosymbiont of the marine sapropelic ciliate Metopus contortus quennerstedt

Cited by 115 publications

References 22 publications

Water column anoxia: vertical zonation of planktonic protozoa

Water column anoxia: vertical zonation of planktonic protozoa

Methanocalculus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from an oil-producing well

Oxygen toxicity, respiration and behavioural responses to oxygen in free-living anaerobic ciliates

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