Isolation and characterization of lytic phages TSE1-3 against Enterobacter cloacae

Khawaja, Komal Ameer; Abbas, Zaigham; Rehman, Sami Ur

doi:10.1515/biol-2016-0038

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Previous research on the medium’s influence on phage stability [ 49 , 50 ] shows that some bacteriophages do not survive at alkaline pH values of the medium. The first stage of microcapsule formation is the creation of the CaCO 3 core, which changes the pH of the medium to alkaline values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathways to Create Containers for Bacteriophage Delivery

et al. 2022

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Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is phage therapy, but the instability of bacteriophages hinders the development of this approach. A bacteriophage delivery system that stabilizes the phage is one of the possible solutions to this problem. This study is dedicated to exploring methods to create encapsulated forms of bacteriophages for delivery. We studied the effect of proteolytic enzymes on the destruction of the polyelectrolyte microcapsule shell and revealed that protease from Streptomyces griseus was able to destroy the membrane of the microcapsule (dextran sulfate/polyarginine)3 ((DS/PArg)3). In addition, the protease decreased the activity of the bacteriophage in the second hour of incubation, and the phage lost activity after 16 h. It was found that a medium with pH 9.02 did not affect the survival of the bacteriophage or E. coli. The bacteriophages were encapsulated into polyelectrolyte microcapsules (DS/PArg)3. It was established that it is impossible to use microcapsules as a means of delivering bacteriophages since the bacteriophages are inactivated. When bacteriophages were included inside a CaCO3 core, it was demonstrated that the phage retained activity before and after the dissolution of the CaCO3 particle. From the results of this study, we recommend using CaCO3 microparticles as a container for bacteriophage delivery through the acidic stomach barrier.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathways to Create Containers for Bacteriophage Delivery

et al. 2022

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“…EBP reduced the growth of the host strain up to 24 h post‐infection, which is higher than the previously reported phages TSE1, TSE2, TSE3 isolated against E . cloacae, that inhibited the growth of host strain up to 18 h (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a lytic EBP bacteriophage with large size genome against Enterobacter cloacae

Asif

Naseem

Alvi

et al. 2021

APMIS

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Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that had acquired antibiotic resistance against multiple classes of antibiotics. The current study was aimed to isolate and characterize lytic bacteriophage against E. cloacae. The bacteriophage EBP was isolated from a sewage water sample using E. cloacae as a host strain by double-layer agar technique. EBP was found stabile at a wide range of temperatures (25, 37, 60, and 80°C) and pH (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) with antibacterial activity up to 24 h of infection. The latent period of EBP was 20 min with a burst size of 252 phages per cell. It showed a narrow host range and infected 12/21 (57%) isolates of E. cloacae tested. It has helical symmetry with a head size of 105 and 120 nm long tail with contractile sheath. The EBP has 179.1 kb long doublestranded DNA genome with 44.8% GC content. Majority of identified ORFs (187/281) were encoding putative proteins with unknown function. Necessary replication enzymes, structural proteins, and lytic enzymes were detected in the genome of EBP. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that EBP closely resembles with Coronobacter phage vB_CsaM_IeN, vB_CsaM_IeE, vB_CsaM_IeB, and Citrobacter phage Margaery. Based on electron microscopy and molecular characterization, EBP was classified as a Myoviridae phage.

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“…Strong alkaline or acidic environments have been recognized as detrimental for all types of bacteriophages, but a difference in tolerance has been reported between different phages. M13 and λ-phage, which are generally known as robust phages, can tolerate pH values between 3 and 11 for at least 20 min (Jepson and March, 2004;Branston et al, 2013), but phages with a lower tolerance to extreme pH values have also been reported (Kerby et al, 1949;Khawaja et al, 2016). Several groups have compared effects of extreme pH conditions and serum exposure of multiple bacteriophages and noticed significant differences in lytic activity between the tested phages (O'Flynn et al, 2006;Knezevic et al, 2011).…”

Section: Considerations In Manufacturing Bacteriophage Loaded Biomatementioning

confidence: 99%

Local Bacteriophage Delivery for Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Infections

et al. 2020

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As viruses with high specificity for their bacterial hosts, bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive means to eradicate bacteria, and their potential has been recognized by a broad range of industries. Against a background of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, bacteriophages have received much attention as a possible "last-resort" strategy to treat infections. The use of bacteriophages in human patients is limited by their sensitivity to acidic pH, enzymatic attack and short serum half-life. Loading phage within a biomaterial can shield the incorporated phage against many of these harmful environmental factors, and in addition, provide controlled release for prolonged therapeutic activity. In this review, we assess the different classes of biomaterials (i.e., biopolymers, synthetic polymers, and ceramics) that have been used for phage delivery and describe the processing methodologies that are compatible with phage embedding or encapsulation. We also elaborate on the clinical or preclinical data generated using these materials. While a primary focus is placed on the application of phage-loaded materials for treatment of infection, we also include studies from other translatable fields such as food preservation and animal husbandry. Finally, we summarize trends in the literature and identify current barriers that currently prevent clinical application of phage-loaded biomaterials.

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Isolation and characterization of lytic phages TSE1-3 against Enterobacter cloacae

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

The Pathways to Create Containers for Bacteriophage Delivery

The Pathways to Create Containers for Bacteriophage Delivery

Characterization of a lytic EBP bacteriophage with large size genome against Enterobacter cloacae

Local Bacteriophage Delivery for Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Infections

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