Isolation and Characterization of &lt;i&gt;Ralstonia solanacearum&lt;/i&gt; Causing Bacterial Wilt of Tomato in Nigeria

Article HistoryRalstonia solanacearum (E.F. Smith) Yabuuchi, is the cause of bacterial wilt of tomato and one of the most severe pathogens of solanaceous crops with a very wide host range. There is little information on R. solanacearum strains in Maseno region in Kenya despite the fact that bacterial wilt of tomato is of economic importance. The objective of this study was to isolate the strains of R. solanacearum of tomato and characterize morphologically and biochemically Ralstonia solanacearum races and biovars from infected tomato plants in Maseno region. This study was conducted at Maseno University in the Department of Botany at Microbiology Laboratory. Ten diseased tomato plants from Maseno, Mariwa, Seme and Hollo were collected and cut into small sections (0.5-1cm). The plant sections were then plated onto Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TZC) media. Profiling of the pathogen was done morphologicaly using culture techniques; biochemical tests included Gram staining test, Potassium hydroxide test, Catalase oxidase test, Gas production test, Starch hydrolysis test and sugar utilization test. The races were then identified by pathogenicity test on wide host range. All the isolates had fluidal pinkish red centered colonies on TZC media, they were Gram negative, potassium hydroxide solubility positive, produced gas from glucose, ooze test positive and did not hydrolyse starch which is typical of R. solanacerum. R. solanacearum strains from infected tomato plants in Maseno region were race 3 biovar 1 and race 3 biovar 3. All isolates were pathogenic on tomato plants.

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“…Present results agreed with those reported by [24][25][26] and Maji and Chakrabartty [27]. This is the characteristic feature of R.…”

Section: Morphological Profiling Of Ralstonia Solanacearumsupporting

confidence: 83%

Isolation and Characterisation of Ralstonia Solanacearum Strains of Tomato Wilt Disease from Maseno, Kenya

Khasabulli

Musyimi

Miruka

et al. 2017

Journal of Asian Scientific Research

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“…Moreover, the bacterium showed catalase activity and hydrolyzed starch. The result of the present study agrees with Murthy and Srinivas (2012), Alemu et al (2013), Popoola et al (2015) and Kataky, Tamuli, Teron, and Sarma (2017), who reported Gram-negativity, KOH solubility, catalase activity and starch hydrolysis of R. solanacearum.…”

Section: Identification Of R Solanacearumsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The bacterium isolated from infected C. annum plants was identified using cultural, biochemical characters and pathogenicity test. White creamy colored, irregularly round and non-transparent colonies were formed on CPG medium which matches with the reports of Alemu, Lemessa, Wakjira, and Berecha (2013), Popoola et al (2015) and Din et al (2016). According to the Gram staining test, the isolate was found to be Gram negative.…”

Section: Identification Of R Solanacearumsupporting

confidence: 88%

Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (Smith) that causes bacterial wilt in hot pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.)

Yihune

Yemata

2019

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants against Ralstonia solanacearum. Bioactive chemicals were extracted from Burcea antidysenterica, Eucalyptus citriodora, Justicia schimperiana, Lantana camara, Melia azedarach and Ricinus communis leaves using maceration method. The bioassay was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The pathogen was isolated from infected Capsicum annuum plants using Casamino acid-Peptone-Glucose agar (CPG) medium. The isolate was identified using cultural, biochemical characteristics, pathogenicity test and found to be R. solanacearum. The methanol extracts had different composition, percentage extract yield, antibacterial activity and relative percentage inhibition. Unlike others, extracts of E. citriodora and R. communis consisted of all the tested secondary metabolites. All species showed antibacterial activity except M. azedarach. Significant differences were recorded in antibacterial activity among species and test concentrations. The highest antibacterial activity and the lowest bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations were found from E. citriodora and R. communis extracts. The higher potency of E. citriodora and R. communis extracts suggested the potential of the two species as a biocide to control bacterial wilt. However, further in vivo studies on these species extracts are compulsory.

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“…R. solanacearum is an endemic pathogen in most of the warm environmental conditions ( Hayward, 1991 , Elsayed et al, 2020 ). The yield loss of tomato by the action of R. solanacearum is up to 60 to 100% ( Popoola et al, 2015 ). R. solanacearum can infect more than 200 plant species, especially Solanaceae, Musaceae families and other crops ( Li et al, 2014 , Mohammed et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial purification and characterization of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol producing Pseudomonas fluorescens VSMKU3054 against bacterial wilt disease of tomato

Suresh

Varathraju

Shanmugaiah

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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We find out the antimicrobial potential of partially purified 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) against Ralstonia solanacearum and fungal plant pathogens isolated from tomato rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens VSMKU3054. The present study is mainly focused on the control of wilt disease of tomato by our isolate VSMKU3054 and DAPG. The cell free culture filtrate of P. fluorescens VSMKU3054 was significantly arrested the growth of R. solanacearum and fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani , Sclerotium rolfsii , Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum compared to control. The existence of DAPG from the crude metabolites of P. fluorescens VSMKU3054 was confirmed on TLC with Rf value 0.34, which is coincide with that of authentic phloroglucinol. The partially purified DAPG exhibited much higher activity against R. solanacearum at 30 µg/ml than the fungal plant pathogens compared to control. The antimicrobial partially purified compound was identified as DAPG by UV, FT-IR and GC–MS analysis. The percentage of live cells of R. solanacearum when supplemented with DAPG at 30 µg/ml, significantly controlled the living nature of R. solanacearum up to 68% compared to tetracycline and universal control observed under high content screening analysis. The selected isolate P. fluorescens VSMKU3054 and DAPG significantly controlled wilt disease of tomato up to 59.5% and 42.12% on 3rd and 7th days compared to positive and negative control by detached leaf assay. Further, in silico analysis revealed that high interaction of DAPG encoding protease with lectin which is associated with R. solanacearum . Based on our findings, we confirmed that P. fluorescens VSMKU3054 and DAPG could be used a potential bio inoculants for the management of bacterial wilt disease of tomato.

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Isolation and Characterization of <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> Causing Bacterial Wilt of Tomato in Nigeria

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Isolation and Characterisation of Ralstonia Solanacearum Strains of Tomato Wilt Disease from Maseno, Kenya

Isolation and Characterisation of Ralstonia Solanacearum Strains of Tomato Wilt Disease from Maseno, Kenya

Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (Smith) that causes bacterial wilt in hot pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.)

Partial purification and characterization of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol producing Pseudomonas fluorescens VSMKU3054 against bacterial wilt disease of tomato

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