Cellulosic plant materials are a reliable source of renewable energy. Cellulose-based plant materials are now being used for bioenergy production as alternatives to fossil fuels. The traditional way of converting lignocellulosic materials to ethanol and other bioenergy is an expensive and environmentally unsafe process. Several research works have been conducted to find outsource of low-cost cellulolytic enzymes. Initially, fungal species were considered as sources of cellulolytic enzymes. Later on, several studies showed that bacterial species are a more potent source of cellulose-degrading enzymes. Phytophagous lower invertebrates are a good source of cellulolytic gut bacteria. They utilize a wide variety of plant materials as their food source. In this review, thorough literature studies have been made to explore the invertebrate groups that are novel sources of cellulolytic gut bacteria with high efficacy for enzyme production. This study also encompasses a brief description of cellulose, the activity, and cellulase enzyme application in industrial aspects.