Isolation and Characterization of cDNAs Encoding Wheat 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase

Aoyagi, Kazuhiko; Beyou, A.; Moon, Kwangsu; Fang, Lawrence Y.; Ulrich, Thomas

doi:10.1104/pp.102.2.623

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Expression of HMGR genes in rapidly dividing tissues has also been reported in other plants (Aoyagi et al, 1993;Cramer et al, 1993;Moore and Oishi, 1993). The expression of HMGP in meristematic tissues might be related primarily to the high rate of sterol biosynthesis required to sustain the active synthesis of membranes in actively dividing cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Expression of the Arabidopsis HMG2 gene, encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, is restricted to meristematic and floral tissues.

et al. 1995

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M o n t s e r r a t Enjuto,' Victoria Lumbreras, Carles Marín, a n d A l b e r t B o r o n a t 2 Unitat de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular A, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainThe synthesis of mevalonate, which is considered the first rate-limiting step in isoprenoid biosynthesis, is catalyzed by the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR; EC 1.1.1.34). In Arabidopsis, HMGR is encoded by two differentially expressed genes (HMG1 and HMGP). The transcriptional activity of the HMGP gene was studied after fusing different regions of its 5' flanking region to the P-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and transforming the resulting constructs into tobacco plants. The spatial and temporal expression directed by the HMGP promoter in the transgenic plants is consistent with the expression pattern previously established by RNA analysis using an HMGBspecific probe. HMGP expression is restricted to meristematic (root tip and shoot apex) and floral (secretory zone of the stigma, mature pollen grains, gynoecium vascular tissue, and fertilized ovules) tissues. Deletion analysis of the HMGP 5'flanking region was conducted in transgenic plants and transfected protoplasts. The region containing nucleotides -857 to +64 of the HMGP gene was sufficient to confer high levels of expression in both floral and meristematic tissues, although deletion to nucleotide -503 resulted in almost complete loss of expression. Sequences contained within the 5' transcribed, untranslated region are also important for gene expression. The biological significance of the restricted pattern of expression of HMGP is also discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Larger HMGR gene families have been reported in wheat (Aoyagi et al, 1993), pea (Monfar et al, 1990 and A. Boronat, unpublished results), and potato (Stermer et al, 1994). This is in sharp contrast with animal systems, in which the enzyme is encoded by a single gene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the Arabidopsis HMG2 gene, encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, is restricted to meristematic and floral tissues.

et al. 1995

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“…Similarly in Medicago truncatula, silencing of Mkb1 (E3 ubiquitin ligase), that control the activity of HMGR results in accumulation of monoglycosylated saponins (Moses et al 2014a, b). This enzyme was characterized in different plants including Hevea brasiliensis (Chye et al 1991), potato (Bhattacharyya et al 1995), wheat (Aoyagi et al 1993), Camptotheca acuminate (Maldonado-Mendoza et al 1997), mulberry (Jain et al 2000), rice (Ha et al 2001), Capsicum annuum (Ha et al 2003), Ginkgo biloba (Shen et al 2006), Corylus avellana , Euphorbia pekinensi (Cao et al 2010), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dai et al 2011), coffee (Tiski et al 2011), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Rong et al 2011), Withania somnifera (Akhtar et al 2013), Dendrobium officinale (Zhang et al 2014a, b), Paris fargesii , Centella asiatica (Kalita et al 2015), Arabidopsis (Suzuki et al 2004), Cyanotis arachnoidea (Wang et al 2014a, b, c) and Panax ginseng (Kim et al 2014).…”

Section: Enzymes Of Mva Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Upadhyay

Jeena

Shikha

et al. 2018

Planta

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Main conclusion Steroidal saponins exhibited numerous pharmacological activities due to the modification of their backbone by different cytochrome P450s (P450) and UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Plant-derived steroidal saponins are not sufficient for utilizing them for commercial purpose so in vitro production of saponin by tissue culture, root culture, embryo culture, etc, is necessary for its large-scale production.Saponin glycosides are the important class of plant secondary metabolites, which consists of either steroidal or terpenoidal backbone. Due to the existence of a wide range of medicinal properties, saponin glycosides are pharmacologically very important. This review is focused on important medicinal properties of steroidal saponin, its occurrence, and biosynthesis. In addition to this, some recently identified plants containing steroidal saponins in different parts were summarized. The high throughput transcriptome sequencing approach elaborates our understanding related to the secondary metabolic pathway and its regulation even in the absence of adequate genomic information of non-model plants. The aim of this review is to encapsulate the information related to applications of steroidal saponin and its biosynthetic enzymes specially P450s and UGTs that are involved at later stage modifications of saponin backbone. Lastly, we discussed the in vitro production of steroidal saponin as the plant-based production of saponin is time-consuming and yield a limited amount of saponins. A large amount of plant material has been used to increase the production of steroidal saponin by employing in vitro culture technique, which has received a lot of attention in past two decades and provides a way to conserve medicinal plants as well as to escape them for being endangered.

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“…The induction began within 1 h, and reached maximum levels within 2-3 h, before decaying to basal levels after 24 h. We have successfully isolated a rice H M G R gene and characterized its structure and expression. The probable presence of 2 H M G R genes in rice compares with reports of 2 genes in A. thaliana [7], 1 to 4 genes in tomato [33,36], 3 genes in H. brasiliensis [19], 3 genes in potato [13], 1 to 2 genes in tobacco [22], and 4 genes in wheat [2]. The isolated rice gene, H M G R I, shows extensive sequence homology to other eukaryotic H M G R genes, especially dicot H M G R genes.…”

Section: Expression Of the Rice H M G R Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a monocot 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene that is elicitor-inducible

et al. 1994

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The rice (Oryza sativa) phytoalexins, momilactones and oryzalexins, are synthesized by the isoprenoid pathway. An early step in this pathway, one that is rate-limiting in mammalian systems, is catalyzed by the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). A gene that encodes this enzyme has been isolated from rice, and found to contain an open reading frame of 1527 bases. The encoded protein sequence of the rice HMGR appears to be conserved with respect to other HMGR proteins, and 1 or 2 membrane-spanning domains characteristic of plant HMGRs are predicted by a hydropathy plot of the amino acid sequence. The protein is truncated at its 5' end, and shows reduced sequence conservation in this region as compared to other plant sequences. The rice genome contains a small family of HMGR genes. The isolated gene, HMGR I, is expressed at low levels in both vegetative and floral organs of rice plants. It is not induced in plants by wounding, but is strongly and rapidly induced in suspension cells by a fungal cell wall elicitor from the pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, causal agent of rice blast disease. This suggests that HMGR I may be important in the induction of rice phytoalexin biosynthesis in response to pathogen attack, and therefore may play a key role as a component of the inducible defense mechanism in rice.

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Isolation and Characterization of cDNAs Encoding Wheat 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Expression of the Arabidopsis HMG2 gene, encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, is restricted to meristematic and floral tissues.

Expression of the Arabidopsis HMG2 gene, encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, is restricted to meristematic and floral tissues.

Recent advances in steroidal saponins biosynthesis and in vitro production

Isolation of a monocot 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene that is elicitor-inducible

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