Isolation and characterization of an anaerobic syntrophic benzoate-degrading bacterium from sewage sludge

Mountfort, Douglas O.; Bryant, M. P.

doi:10.1007/bf00521285

Cited by 136 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is difficult to imagine how these bacteria survive in a natural anoxic environment in which these hydroxybenzoates do not represent a major substrate source (Pridham 1965). Defined syntrophic mixed cultures enriched and isolated with benzoate or 3-chlorobenzoate do not attack hydroxybenzoates at all (Mountfort and Bryant 1982;Shelton and Tiedje 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research mainly focussed on degradation of benzoate as a model substrate by photosynthetic, nitrate-reducing, or sulfate-reducing bacteria, as well as by undefined methanogenic enrichment cultures (Evans 1977;Young 1984). A defined methanogenic coculture, Syntrophus buswellii, was isolated recently which ferments benzoate to acetate, CO2 and methane (Mountfort and Bryant 1982;Mountfort et al 1984). A further defined coculture of this type was isolated from an enrichment culture with 3-chlorobenzoate as substrate (Shelton and 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fermentative degradation of monohydroxybenzoates by defined syntrophic cocultures

Tschech

Schink

1986

Arch. Microbiol.

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Abstract. From anaerobic freshwater enrichment cultures with 3-hydroxybenzoate as sole substrate, a slightly curved rod-shaped bacterium was isolated in coculture with Desulfovibrio vulgar& as hydrogen scavenger. The new isolate degraded only 3-hydroxybenzoate or benzoate, and depended on syntrophic cooperation with a hydrogenoxidizing methanogen or sulfate reducer. 3-Hydroxybenzoate was degraded via reductive dehydroxylation to benzoate. With 2-hydroxybenzoate (salicylate), short coccoid rods were enriched from anaerobic freshwater mud samples, and were isolated in defined coculture with D. vulgaris, This isolate also fermented 3-hydroxybenzoate or benzoate in obligate syntrophy with a hydrogen-oxidizing anaerobe. The new isolates were both Gram-negative, non-sporeforming strict anaerobes. They fermented hydroxybenzoate or benzoate to acetate, CO2, and, presumably, hydrogen which was oxidized by the syntrophic partner organism. With hydroxybenzoates, but not with benzoate, Acetobacterium woodii could also serve as syntrophic partner. Other substrates such as sugars, alcohols, fatty or amino acids were not fermented. External electron acceptors such as sulfate, sulfite, nitrate, or fumarate were not reduced. In enrichment cultures with 4-hydroxybenzoate, decarboxylation to phenol was the initial step in degradation which finally led to acetate, methane and CO2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Fermentative degradation of monohydroxybenzoates by defined syntrophic cocultures

Tschech

Schink

1986

Arch. Microbiol.

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“…Benzoate-fermenting anaerobes were recently isolated in defined mixed culture with hydrogen-oxidizing sulfate reducers and methanogens (Mountfort and Bryant 1982). Fermentation of hydroxylated benzoates becomes more exergonic with increasing number of hydroxyl substituents: C6H4(OH)COO-+ 6 H20 3CH3COO + 3H + +HCO3 + 2H2.…”

Section: Physiology and Biochemandtry Of Anaerobic Degradation Of Resormentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentative degradation of resorcinol and resorcylic acids

Tschech

Schink

1985

Arch. Microbiol.

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Abstract. Anaerobic fermentative degradation of resorcinol and resorcylates was studied in enrichment cultures inoculated with marine or freshwater sediments or digested sludge, e-Resorcylate (3,5-dihydroxybenzoate) was degraded very rapidly to acetate and methane by enrichment cultures inoculated with freshwater sediment or sewage sludge, but degradation was slow in enrichments from marine habitats. The freshwater cultures did not degrade any other related phenolic substrates. Inhibition of methanogenic bacteria by bromoethanesulfonate and acetylene led to enhanced acetate formation indicating homoacetogenic hydrogen oxidation. With resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) and/% and 7-resorcylate (2,4-and 2,6-dihydroxybenzoate), two different types of Gram-positive spore-forming strict anaerobes were isolated, which both did not grow with c~-resorcylate. Both were assigned to the genus Clostridium. From freshwater enrichments, six strains were isolated in defined coculture with Campylobacter sp. They fermented resorcinol and /% and 7-resorcylate stoichiometrically to acetate and butyrate. No interspecies hydrogen transfer to methanogenic or other anaerobic bacteria was found. None out of numerous organic nutrients tested substituted for Campylobacter sp. as partner in defined cultures; the nutritive dependence of this bacterium could not be elucidated. Isolates from marine sediments formed acetate and hydrogen from resorcyclic compounds, and depended on syntrophic association with hydrogenscavenging anaerobes such as methanogens.

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“…Tarvin and Buswell (49) observed degradation of benzoate in anoxic sediments with production of carbon dioxide and methane as the final end products. The discovery that methanogenic benzoate degradation to carbon dioxide and methane is mediated by a consortium of a fermentative (syntrophic) microorganism and hydrogen-and acetate-utilizing methanogens (15) and the subsequent isolation of the syntrophic partners (36) provided the opportunity to study the pathway for benzoate degradation under methanogenic conditions. So far, three species that syntrophically metabolize benzoate have been isolated (22,36,51), and all of these species belong to the genus Syntrophus.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The discovery that methanogenic benzoate degradation to carbon dioxide and methane is mediated by a consortium of a fermentative (syntrophic) microorganism and hydrogen-and acetate-utilizing methanogens (15) and the subsequent isolation of the syntrophic partners (36) provided the opportunity to study the pathway for benzoate degradation under methanogenic conditions. So far, three species that syntrophically metabolize benzoate have been isolated (22,36,51), and all of these species belong to the genus Syntrophus. Benzoate degradation under syntrophic conditions has not been investigated as thoroughly as benzoate degradation under nitrate-reducing and phototrophic conditions due to the relatively slow growth rates and low cell yields of these organisms (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Benzoate, Cyclohex-1-ene Carboxylate, and Cyclohexane Carboxylate by “ Syntrophus aciditrophicus ” Strain SB in Syntrophic Association with H ₂ -Using Microorganisms

Elshahed

Bhupathiraju

Wofford

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The metabolism of benzoate, cyclohex-1-ene carboxylate, and cyclohexane carboxylate by "Syntrophus aciditrophicus" in cocultures with hydrogen-using microorganisms was studied. Cyclohexane carboxylate, cyclohex-1-ene carboxylate, pimelate, and glutarate (or their coenzyme A [CoA] derivatives) transiently accumulated during growth with benzoate. Identification was based on comparison of retention times and mass spectra of trimethylsilyl derivatives to the retention times and mass spectra of authentic chemical standards.13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that cyclohexane carboxylate and cyclohex-1-ene carboxylate were produced from [ring-13 C 6 ]benzoate. None of the metabolites mentioned above was detected in non-substrateamended or heat-killed controls. Cyclohexane carboxylic acid accumulated to a concentration of 260 M, accounting for about 18% of the initial benzoate added. This compound was not detected in culture extracts of Rhodopseudomonas palustris grown phototrophically or Thauera aromatica grown under nitrate-reducing conditions. Cocultures of "S. aciditrophicus" and Methanospirillum hungatei readily metabolized cyclohexane carboxylate and cyclohex-1-ene carboxylate at a rate slightly faster than the rate of benzoate metabolism. In addition to cyclohexane carboxylate, pimelate, and glutarate, 2-hydroxycyclohexane carboxylate was detected in trace amounts in cocultures grown with cyclohex-1-ene carboxylate. Cyclohex-1-ene carboxylate, pimelate, and glutarate were detected in cocultures grown with cyclohexane carboxylate at levels similar to those found in benzoate-grown cocultures. Cell extracts of "S. aciditrophicus" grown in a coculture with Desulfovibrio sp. strain G11 with benzoate or in a pure culture with crotonate contained the following enzyme activities: an ATPdependent benzoyl-CoA ligase, cyclohex-1-ene carboxyl-CoA hydratase, and 2-hydroxycyclohexane carboxylCoA dehydrogenase, as well as pimelyl-CoA dehydrogenase, glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, and the enzymes required for conversion of crotonyl-CoA to acetate. 2-Ketocyclohexane carboxyl-CoA hydrolase activity was detected in cell extracts of "S. aciditrophicus"-Desulfovibrio sp. strain G11 benzoate-grown cocultures but not in crotonate-grown pure cultures of "S. aciditrophicus". These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ring reduction during syntrophic benzoate metabolism involves a four-or six-electron reduction step and that once cyclohex-1-ene carboxyl-CoA is made, it is metabolized in a manner similar to that in R. palustris.

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Isolation and characterization of an anaerobic syntrophic benzoate-degrading bacterium from sewage sludge

Cited by 136 publications

References 24 publications

Fermentative degradation of monohydroxybenzoates by defined syntrophic cocultures

Fermentative degradation of monohydroxybenzoates by defined syntrophic cocultures

Fermentative degradation of resorcinol and resorcylic acids

Metabolism of Benzoate, Cyclohex-1-ene Carboxylate, and Cyclohexane Carboxylate by “ Syntrophus aciditrophicus ” Strain SB in Syntrophic Association with H ₂ -Using Microorganisms

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Isolation and characterization of an anaerobic syntrophic benzoate-degrading bacterium from sewage sludge

Cited by 136 publications

References 24 publications

Fermentative degradation of monohydroxybenzoates by defined syntrophic cocultures

Fermentative degradation of monohydroxybenzoates by defined syntrophic cocultures

Fermentative degradation of resorcinol and resorcylic acids

Metabolism of Benzoate, Cyclohex-1-ene Carboxylate, and Cyclohexane Carboxylate by “ Syntrophus aciditrophicus ” Strain SB in Syntrophic Association with H 2 -Using Microorganisms

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Metabolism of Benzoate, Cyclohex-1-ene Carboxylate, and Cyclohexane Carboxylate by “ Syntrophus aciditrophicus ” Strain SB in Syntrophic Association with H ₂ -Using Microorganisms