Isolation and characterization of a novel phage lysin active against<i>Paenibacillus larvae</i>, a honeybee pathogen

LeBlanc, Lucy; Nezami, Sara; Yost, Diane G.; Tsourkas, Philippos K.; Amy, Penny S.

doi:10.1080/21597081.2015.1080787

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Given that a tail tape measure protein was identified in all P. larvae phage genomes, and a major tail protein in almost all genomes, and that in all such instances there are only two genes between the major tail protein and the tape measure protein, we assigned tail assembly function to these two genes. This was further confirmed when we identified a translational frameshift between these genes, as is commonly found in tailed bacteriophages [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…A N -acetylmuramoyl- l -alanine amidase has been identified in all P. larvae phage genomes. This is the most studied P. larvae phage protein, being the subject of at least two studies, and the only P. larvae phage protein whose function has been experimentally verified [ 22 , 25 ]. It is the chief gene responsible for lysing P. larvae, by cleaving its peptidoglycan cell wall [ 22 , 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P. larvae phages have been isolated and sequenced in Portugal [ 14 ], Germany [ 15 ], and the United States [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], with the latter accounting for the vast majority of published genomes. In addition, six studies have been published within the last two years on treating AFB with P. larvae phages or P. larvae phage endolysins [ 15 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Analysis of 48 Paenibacillus larvae Bacteriophages

Stamereilers

Fajardo

Walker

et al. 2018

Viruses

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The antibiotic-resistant bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American foulbrood (AFB), currently the most destructive bacterial disease in honeybees. Phages that infect P. larvae were isolated as early as the 1950s, but it is only in recent years that P. larvae phage genomes have been sequenced and annotated. In this study we analyze the genomes of all 48 currently sequenced P. larvae phage genomes and classify them into four clusters and a singleton. The majority of P. larvae phage genomes are in the 38–45 kbp range and use the cohesive ends (cos) DNA-packaging strategy, while a minority have genomes in the 50–55 kbp range that use the direct terminal repeat (DTR) DNA-packaging strategy. The DTR phages form a distinct cluster, while the cos phages form three clusters and a singleton. Putative functions were identified for about half of all phage proteins. Structural and assembly proteins are located at the front of the genome and tend to be conserved within clusters, whereas regulatory and replication proteins are located in the middle and rear of the genome and are not conserved, even within clusters. All P. larvae phage genomes contain a conserved N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase that serves as an endolysin.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Analysis of 48 Paenibacillus larvae Bacteriophages

Stamereilers

Fajardo

Walker

et al. 2018

Viruses

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“…In the last year alone 5 studies were published on treating AFB with P. larvae phages or P. larvae phage endolysins, with promising, if not conclusive, results. 19-23 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics of 9 novelPaenibacillus larvaebacteriophages

et al. 2016

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American Foulbrood Disease, caused by the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, is one of the most destructive diseases of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Our group recently published the sequences of 9 new phages with the ability to infect and lyse P. larvae. Here, we characterize the genomes of these P. larvae phages, compare them to each other and to other sequenced P. larvae phages, and putatively identify protein function. The phage genomes are 38–45 kb in size and contain 68–86 genes, most of which appear to be unique to P. larvae phages. We classify P. larvae phages into 2 main clusters and one singleton based on nucleotide sequence identity. Three of the new phages show sequence similarity to other sequenced P. larvae phages, while the remaining 6 do not. We identified functions for roughly half of the P. larvae phage proteins, including structural, assembly, host lysis, DNA replication/metabolism, regulatory, and host-related functions. Structural and assembly proteins are highly conserved among our phages and are located at the start of the genome. DNA replication/metabolism, regulatory, and host-related proteins are located in the middle and end of the genome, and are not conserved, with many of these genes found in some of our phages but not others. All nine phages code for a conserved N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase. Comparative analysis showed the phages use the “cohesive ends with 3′ overhang” DNA packaging strategy. This work is the first in-depth study of P. larvae phage genomics, and serves as a marker for future work in this area.

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“…In vivo safety tests confirmed that it was not toxic. Le Blanc et al (2015) isolated lysin PlyPAlA with amidase activity from the genome of P. larvae phage Xenia ( Le Blanc et al, 2015 ). Higher enzyme activity in vitro was observed against P. larvae strain with genotype ERIC I compared to ERIC III and IV.…”

Section: Phage Application Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phages in Therapy and Prophylaxis of American Foulbrood – Recent Implications From Practical Applications

et al. 2020

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American foulbrood is one of the most serious and yet unsolved problems of beekeeping around the world, because it causes a disease leading to the weakening of the vitality of honey bee populations and huge economic losses both in agriculture and horticulture. The etiological agent of this dangerous disease is an extremely pathogenic spore-forming bacterium, Paenibacillus larvae , which makes treatment very difficult. What is more, the use of antibiotics in the European Union is forbidden due to restrictions related to the prevention of the presence of antibiotic residues in honey, as well as the global problem of spreading antibiotic resistance in case of bacterial strains. The only available solution is burning of entire bee colonies, which results in large economic losses. Therefore, bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes can be a real effective alternative in the treatment and prevention of this Apis mellifera disease. In this review, we summarize phage characteristics that make them a potentially useful tool in the fight against American foulbrood. In addition, we gathered data regarding phage application that have been described so far, and attempted to show practical implications and possible limitations of their usage.

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Isolation and characterization of a novel phage lysin active againstPaenibacillus larvae, a honeybee pathogen

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Genomic Analysis of 48 Paenibacillus larvae Bacteriophages

Genomic Analysis of 48 Paenibacillus larvae Bacteriophages

Comparative genomics of 9 novelPaenibacillus larvaebacteriophages

Phages in Therapy and Prophylaxis of American Foulbrood – Recent Implications From Practical Applications

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