Isolation and Characterization of a Mutant of the Marine Bacterium
            <i>Alcanivorax borkumensis</i>
            SK2 Defective in Lipid Biosynthesis

Manilla-Pérez, Efraín; Lange, Alvin Brian; Hetzler, Stephan; Wältermann, Marc; Kalscheuer, Rainer; Steinbüchel, Alexander

doi:10.1128/aem.02832-09

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Both strains investigated in this study are well known as hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria [16,21]. Moreover, A. borkumensis SK2 and A. jadensis T9 synthesize and accumulate TAG as well as WE, and both are also able to discharge these neutral lipids extracellularly [16,36]. The latter aspect makes these strains interesting for industrial purposes because TAG and WE production is in principal not limited by the available cell volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cell surface analysis of the lipid‐discharging obligate hydrocarbonoclastic species of the genus Alcanivorax

Lange

Tenberge²,

Robenek

et al. 2010

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study presents novel information useful for addressing the question how species of the genus Alcanivorax discharge triacylglycerols (TAG) and/or wax esters (WE). The observed structures were referred as ''blebs'' according to Gauthier et al. [1] to avoid confusion with other discharging phenomena. The cells were aerobically cultivated on solid media and not in liquid media to maintain the cells in the native state, and were investigated by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) methods to document the surface structures of the cells. The phenomenon of lipid export could be allocated to three phases: phase I: protrusion formation of the cell membrane occurred; phase II: discharging progressed further with blebs becoming larger; and phase III: the blebs at the cell surface were separated from the cells. Using freeze-fracture micrographs by TEM, vesicle experiments and TLC, we have shown that the blebs contained TAG and WE. The results shown in this study will support further research to unravel the unknown discharging mechanism. In addition, the formation of an extensive extracellular matrix was observed by SEM.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It was assumed that storage of neutral lipids may provide an advantage for survival in nature habitats and/or during evolution [35]. The role of storage lipid accumulation for survival under carbon source-free conditions was demonstrated by Manilla-Pérez et al [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cell surface analysis of the lipid‐discharging obligate hydrocarbonoclastic species of the genus Alcanivorax

Lange

Tenberge²,

Robenek

et al. 2010

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To promote biosynthesis and accumulation of neutral lipids, a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 50:1 was fixed by adjusting the molar concentration of nitrogen (added as ammonium chloride) (Carl Roth GmbH þ Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) in the medium. This ratio has already been reported to improve the accumulation of neutral lipids [5]. To obtain solidified media, 1.8% w/v agar (Hellmuth Carroux GmbH & Co., Hamburg, Germany) was added.…”

Section: Bacterial Strains Media and Cultivation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are mobilized and used as carbon source, particularly if a nitrogen source is available, thereby allowing cell proliferation [5,6]. Occurrence and accumulation of lipid inclusions have been frequently reported in hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (HCB), mainly when they were cultivated with n-alkanes as carbon and energy source [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral lipid production in Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 and other marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria

Manilla-Pérez

Lange

Luftmann

et al. 2010

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Triacylglycerols (TAG) and wax esters (WE) constitute together with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) the major storage lipophilic compounds in prokaryotes. Recently, the production of neutral lipids such as TAG and WE has been reported in species of the genus Alcanivorax, which belongs to the group of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB). We analyzed the production of such neutral lipids by different marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria growing on pyruvate or hexadecane as sole carbon source, and compared it to other bacteria such as Rhodococcus opacus strain PD630 and Acinetobacter baylyi strain ADP1, which are two well-studied strains for production of neutral lipids. Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 synthesized mainly TAG when cells are cultivated on pyruvate, while biosynthesis and accumulation of WE was mainly observed in cells growing on hexadecane. Alcanivorax jadensis T9 synthesized and accumulated mainly WE if cells were cultivated with hexadecane, while both TAG and WE were observed if cells were cultivated with pyruvate as sole carbon source, respectively. Predominantly production as well as export of WE was observed in Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus SP17 growing on pyruvate or hexadecane as sole carbon source. The chemical structures of TAG and WE produced by A. borkumensis SK2 were analyzed by gas chromatography and/or mass spectrometry, and first studies to investigate the influence of different C/N ratio (7, 50 or 150) on the production of neutral lipids were performed.

show abstract

“…For example, Alcanivorax jadensis (formerly Fundibacter jadensis) and Thalassolituus oleivorans are known to form intracellular lipid inclusions (TAG, WE, or wax diesters), and they were even reported to export WE when cultivated with n-alkanes (26,29,91,92). However, the responsible acyltransferase has not yet been identified.…”

Section: Other Atfa-like Acyltransferases In Different Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Acyltransferases in Bacteria

Röttig

Steinbüchel

2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

148

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Long-chain-length hydrophobic acyl residues play a vital role in a multitude of essential biological structures and processes. They build the inner hydrophobic layers of biological membranes, are converted to intracellular storage compounds, and are used to modify protein properties or function as membrane anchors, to name only a few functions. Acyl thioesters are transferred by acyltransferases or transacylases to a variety of different substrates or are polymerized to lipophilic storage compounds. Lipases represent another important enzyme class dealing with fatty acyl chains; however, they cannot be regarded as acyltransferases in the strict sense. This review provides a detailed survey of the wide spectrum of bacterial acyltransferases and compares different enzyme families in regard to their catalytic mechanisms. On the basis of their studied or assumed mechanisms, most of the acyl-transferring enzymes can be divided into two groups. The majority of enzymes discussed in this review employ a conserved acyltransferase motif with an invariant histidine residue, followed by an acidic amino acid residue, and their catalytic mechanism is characterized by a noncovalent transition state. In contrast to that, lipases rely on completely different mechanism which employs a catalytic triad and functions via the formation of covalent intermediates. This is, for example, similar to the mechanism which has been suggested for polyester synthases. Consequently, although the presented enzyme types neither share homology nor have a common three-dimensional structure, and although they deal with greatly varying molecule structures, this variety is not reflected in their mechanisms, all of which rely on a catalytically active histidine residue.

show abstract

Isolation and Characterization of a Mutant of the Marine Bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 Defective in Lipid Biosynthesis

Abstract: In many microorganisms, the key enzyme responsible for catalyzing the last step in triacylglycerol (TAG) and wax ester (WE) biosynthesis is an unspecific acyltransferase which is also referred to as wax ester synthase/acyl coenzyme A (

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Cell surface analysis of the lipid‐discharging obligate hydrocarbonoclastic species of the genus Alcanivorax

Cell surface analysis of the lipid‐discharging obligate hydrocarbonoclastic species of the genus Alcanivorax

Neutral lipid production in Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 and other marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria

Acyltransferases in Bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About