Isolation and characterization of a Bacillus subtilis strain with aflatoxin B 1 biodegradation capability

Biological Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 by Cell-Free Extracts of Bacillus velezensis DY3108 with Broad PH Stability and Excellent Thermostability

“…There are two key directions in control aflatoxin contamination: preventing the growth of toxigenic A. flavus , namely prevention and if contamination occurs, then detoxify aflatoxin-contaminated commodities by removing the toxic compounds [ 14 ]. Over the past decades, several bacterial and fungal species have been exploited to manage aflatoxin contamination, including non-aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus [ 15 ], saprophytic yeasts [ 16 ], Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans [ 17 ], Rhodococcus erythropolis [ 18 ], Pseudomonas putida [ 2 ], Pontibacter sp.…”

Isolation and screening of aflatoxin-detoxifying yeast and bacteria from ruminal fluids to reduce aflatoxin B1 contamination in dairy cattle feed

“…Another mechanism was the action of carboxypeptidase A, oxidase enzyme and F 420 H 2 -dependent reductase. These enzymes cleaved bisfuran ring and a,b-moiety ester of AFB 1 structure to obtain AF degradation products such as aflatoxical, aflatoxin B 2a , aflatoxin D 1 , aflatoxin D 2 ; AFL, AFB 2a , AFD 1 , AFD 2 (Smith and Henderson 1991;Taylor et al 2010;Verheecke et al 2016;Xia et al 2017).…”

Control of Aflatoxicosis in Poultry Using Probiotics and Polymers

“…AFB1 degrading activity has been found in other bacteria genera, such as Mycobacterium fluoranthenivoran, Nocardia corynebacterioides (formerly Flavobacterium aurantiacum), Rhodococcus erythropolis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas, as well as Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis [70,71,97,[107][108][109][110], which have demonstrated that their biodegradation activity is from enzymatic nature. For example, B. subtilis JSW-1, a bacterium isolated from soil samples, is able to degrade almost 70% of AFB1 within 72 h, as shown in Figure 3, and its degradation activity was likely due to the extracellular enzymes [26]. In other study, biological degradation of AFB1 by Rhodococcus erythropolis was evaluated in liquid cultures, in which dramatic reduction of AFB1 was observed after 48 and 72 h of incubation with just 17 and 3-6% of residual AFB1, respectively [97].…”

“…On the other hand, biological methods to prevent aflatoxicosis have also been evaluated showing promising results [25][26][27][28]. Many microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, molds, actinomycetes, and algae, have been tested for their ability in the control of aflatoxin contamination, mainly through adsorption and degradation [29,30].…”

“…Values represent the mean AE SD (n = 3). Values with different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among them (modified from[26]).…”