Isolation and characteristics of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) in the Chinese yakow (Bos grunniens×Bos taurus)

Xi, Dongmei; Wu, Min; Fan, Yueyuan; Huo, Yinqiang; Leng, Jing; Gou, Xin; Mao, Huaming; Deng, Weidong

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.02.041

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…; Xi et al . ) and are not associated with brown coat pigmentation; Arg229 is a non‐conserved amino acid residue site where a mutation is unlikely to impair MC1R's function. The Met73 residue is in the second transmembrane domain of MC1R and has been proven to be functionally important for the activation of MC1R in sheep (p.Met73Lys, Vage et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The F1 offspring of crossing a yak and local Chinese yellow cattle ( Bos taurus ) is named the Chinese yakow (Xi et al . ). More recently, Western breeds, such as Holstein‐Friesian, Simmental, Hereford, Angus, Limousin, Charolais and Highland cattle, were also used in the hybridization program (Zhang ; Wiener et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Xi et al . ). Furthermore, local records have reported occasional sightings of ‘yellow yaks’ in wild yak populations, which may represent the same brown pigmentation in the study and indicate its natural existence (Zhang ; Wiener et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Xi et al . ). Although the genetic basis of yak coat color has been poorly studied, previous work on cattle and hybridization records between cattle and yaks highlight several possible mechanisms underlying color variants found in yaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The genetics of brown coat color and white spotting in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens)

Zhang

Luo

2014

Animal Genetics

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Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) exhibit two major coat color variations: a brown vs. wild-type black pigmentation and a white spotting vs. wild-type solid color pattern. The genetic basis for these variations in color and distribution remains largely unknown and may be complicated by a breeding history involving hybridization between yaks and cattle. Here, we investigated 92 domestic yaks from China using a candidate gene approach. Sequence variations in MC1R, PMEL and TYRP1 were surveyed in brown yaks; TYRP1 was unassociated with the coloration and excluded. Recessive mutations from MC1R, or p.Gln34*, p.Met73Leu and possibly p.Arg142Pro, are reported in bovids for the first time and accounted for approximately 40% of the brown yaks in this study. The remaining 60% of brown individuals correlated with a cattle-derived deletion mutation from PMEL (p.Leu18del) in a dominant manner. Degrees of white spotting found in yaks vary from color sidedness and white face, to completely white. After examining the candidate gene KIT, we suggest that color-sided and all-white yaks are caused by the serial translations of KIT (Cs6 or Cs29 ) as reported for cattle. The white-faced phenotype in yaks is associated with the KIT haplotype S(wf) . All KIT mutations underlying the serial phenotypes of white spotting in yaks are identical to those in cattle, indicating that cattle are the likely source of white spotting in yaks. Our results reveal the complex genetic origins of domestic yak coat color as either native in yaks through evolution and domestication or as introduced from cattle through interspecific hybridization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The genetics of brown coat color and white spotting in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens)

Zhang

Luo

2014

Animal Genetics

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“…Yakow are more tractable than yak for transportation and ploughing and can provide milk, meat and cash income for the local herdsmen (Sasaki, ; Wiener et al ., ). Indeed, local farmers prefer Chinese yakow to yak for agricultural activities (Xi et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular characteristics of the MHC‐DRA genes from yak (Bos grunniens) and Chinese yakow (Bos grunniens × Bos taurus)

Sun

Zheng

et al. 2013

Int J Immunogenetics

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Two full-length cDNAs (762 bp) of the DRA gene from yak and Chinese yakow were isolated and analysed to identify structural and functional variations. The sequences for DRA in yak (Bogr-DRA) and Chinese yakow (Bogr × BoLA-DRA) were essentially identical to those for cattle (99%) and buffalo (97%). Except for two substitutions in the amino acids comprising the domain for signal peptide (SP) in yak, the additional residues were highly conserved across the species investigated. Peptide-binding site (PBS) of Bogr-DRA and Bogr × BoLA-DRA was highly reserved in the α1 domain among all species investigated. The lack of mutation in Bogr-DRA is consistent with the conception that the gene is highly conserved among all mammalian species. The very high conservation of the DRA gene among ruminants, including yak, may be due to its recent evolutionary detachment.

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Genetic variability of MHC class II DQB exon 2 alleles in yak (Bos grunniens)

Leng

et al. 2014

Mol Biol Rep

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The major histocompatibility class (MHC) DQ molecules are dimeric glycoproteins revealing antigen presentation to CD(4+) T cells. In the present study, the exon 2 of the MHC class II DQB gene from 32 yaks (Bos grunniens) was cloned, sequenced and compared with previously reported patterns for other bovidae. It was revealed by sequence analyses that there are 25 DQB exon 2 alleles among 32 yaks, all alleles are found to belong to DQB1 loci. These alleles exhibited a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid polymorphisms with most amino acid variations occurring at positions forming the peptide-binding sites. The DQB loci were analyzed for patterns of synonymous (d S) and non-synonymous (d N) substitution. The yak was observed to be under strong positive selection in the DQB exon 2 peptide-binding sites (d N = 0.15, P < 0.001). It appears that this variability among yaks confers the ability to mount immune responses to a wide variety of peptides or pathogens.

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Isolation and characteristics of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R) in the Chinese yakow (Bos grunniens×Bos taurus)

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

The genetics of brown coat color and white spotting in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens)

The genetics of brown coat color and white spotting in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens)

Molecular characteristics of the MHC‐DRA genes from yak (Bos grunniens) and Chinese yakow (Bos grunniens × Bos taurus)

Genetic variability of MHC class II DQB exon 2 alleles in yak (Bos grunniens)

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