Isolation and characteristics of a wheatbran-degrading Butyrivibrio from human faeces

Rumney, Corinne; Duncan, Sylvia H.; Henderson, C. A.; Stewart, C. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1995.tb00435.x

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In order to establish how widespread the butyrate kinase pathway is among the human colonic microflora, a wide range of butyrate-producing human gut bacterial isolates (Table 1) had been isolated previously from four donors (4,5,42), in addition to 23 new isolates from fecal samples from four further donors in order to ensure good coverage of the phylogenetic diversity within this group of bacteria. The 16S rRNA genes were sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to show the phylogenetic relationship of the different isolates (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricted Distribution of the Butyrate Kinase Pathway among Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Colon

Louis¹,

Duncan²,

McCrae³

et al. 2004

J Bacteriol

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373

303

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The final steps in butyrate synthesis by anaerobic bacteria can occur via butyrate kinase and phosphotransbutyrylase or via butyryl-coenzyme A (CoA):acetate CoA-transferase. Degenerate PCR and enzymatic assays were used to assess the presence of butyrate kinase among 38 anaerobic butyrate-producing bacterial isolates from human feces that represent three different clostridial clusters (IV, XIVa, and XVI). Only four strains were found to possess detectable butyrate kinase activity. These were also the only strains to give PCR products (verifiable by sequencing) with degenerate primer pairs designed within the butyrate kinase gene or between the linked butyrate kinase/phosphotransbutyrylase genes. Further analysis of the butyrate kinase/phosphotransbutyrylase genes of one isolate, L2-50, revealed similar organization to that described previously from different groups of clostridia, along with differences in flanking sequences and phylogenetic relationships. Butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase activity was detected in all 38 strains examined, suggesting that it, rather than butyrate kinase, provides the dominant route for butyrate formation in the human colonic ecosystem that contains a constantly high concentration of acetate.The human colon harbors a diverse range of bacteria that form a complex anaerobic ecosystem. Apart from interacting with each other, for example by cross-feeding, colonic bacteria also interact with the human host and play a vital role in maintaining human health through mechanisms such as protecting against pathogenic bacteria, influencing the host's immune system, and supplying nutrients (23).The recent development of molecular techniques for studying phylogenetic diversity of the colonic microflora is leading to a better understanding of its composition (9, 21). One group of bacteria, which has received relatively little previous attention because of their fastidious growth requirements, are the strictly anaerobic gram-positive bacteria of low mol% GϩC-content clostridial groups. Several studies employing a variety of molecular approaches indicate that members of this group related to clostridial clusters IV and XIVa (14) might make up about 30 to 60% of the total bacterial population within the colon (22,25,38,46,50).Bacteria have been identified within these groups that carry out a fermentative metabolism leading to the buildup of butyrate; lactate and formate are often being produced, while acetate can be either produced or consumed (18). Butyrate is considered to exert health-promoting effects on the colon. It serves as a major energy source for the colonocytes and has also been claimed to be protective against colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases via effects on gene expression and cellular development (reviewed in references 36 and 51).The pathway for butyrate formation and its respective genes have been examined in the solventogenic bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum. Two molecules of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) are condensed and subsequently reduced to butyryl-CoA in a ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricted Distribution of the Butyrate Kinase Pathway among Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Colon

Louis¹,

Duncan²,

McCrae³

et al. 2004

J Bacteriol

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373

303

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“…Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and utilization, including DL-lactate measurements, were determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) (41), and H 2 was analyzed by packedcolumn GC (42). All values reported refer to means of triplicate cultures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactate-Utilizing Bacteria, Isolated from Human Feces, That Produce Butyrate as a Major Fermentation Product

Duncan¹,

Louis²,

Flint³

2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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885

747

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The microbial community of the human colon contains many bacteria that produce lactic acid, but lactate is normally detected only at low concentrations (<5 mM) in feces from healthy individuals. It is not clear, however, which bacteria are mainly responsible for lactate utilization in the human colon. Here, bacteria able to utilize lactate and produce butyrate were identified among isolates obtained from 10 ؊8 dilutions of fecal samples from five different subjects. Out of nine such strains identified, four were found to be related to Eubacterium hallii and two to Anaerostipes caccae, while the remaining three represent a new species within clostridial cluster XIVa based on their 16S rRNA sequences. Significant ability to utilize lactate was not detected in the butyrate-producing species Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium rectale, or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Whereas E. hallii and A. caccae strains used both D-and L-lactate, the remaining strains used only the D form. Addition of glucose to batch cultures prevented lactate utilization until the glucose became exhausted. However, when two E. hallii strains and one A. caccae strain were grown in separate cocultures with a starchutilizing Bifidobacterium adolescentis isolate, with starch as the carbohydrate energy source, the L-lactate produced by B. adolescentis became undetectable and butyrate was formed. Such cross-feeding may help to explain the reported butyrogenic effect of certain dietary substrates, including resistant starch. The abundance of E. hallii in particular in the colonic ecosystem suggests that these bacteria play important roles in preventing lactate accumulation.

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“…The following bacterial reference strains were used in restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis: Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 1.230 (bovine rumen [41]), 2221 (bovine rumen, ATCC 19171 [6]), 16.4 (human feces [38]), Eubacterium multiforme (ATCC 25552), and E. limosum R5004 and Fusobacterium strains R5043, R7263, and R10012 (all from J. Brazier, University of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Relationships of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Gut

Barcenilla¹,

Pryde²,

Martin³

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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817

622

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Butyrate is a preferred energy source for colonic epithelial cells and is thought to play an important role in maintaining colonic health in humans. In order to investigate the diversity and stability of butyrate-producing organisms of the colonic flora, anaerobic butyrate-producing bacteria were isolated from freshly voided human fecal samples from three healthy individuals: an infant, an adult omnivore, and an adult vegetarian. A second isolation was performed on the same three individuals 1 year later. Of a total of 313 bacterial isolates, 74 produced more than 2 mM butyrate in vitro. Butyrate-producing isolates were grouped by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The results indicate very little overlap between the predominant ribotypes of the three subjects; furthermore, the flora of each individual changed significantly between the two isolations. Complete sequences of 16S rDNAs were determined for 24 representative strains and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. [195][196][197][198][199] 1996), with the most abundant group (10 of 24 or 42%) clustering with Eubacterium rectale, Eubacterium ramulus, and Roseburia cecicola. Fifty percent of the butyrate-producing isolates were net acetate consumers during growth, suggesting that they employ the butyryl coenzyme A-acetyl coenzyme A transferase pathway for butyrate production. In contrast, only 1% of the 239 non-butyrate-producing isolates consumed acetate.The species diversity of the predominantly anaerobic bacterial communities from the human large bowel has been the subject of both conventional and molecular microbiological investigations (31,32,46,49). These communities are believed to contribute to healthy gut function in a variety of ways, including protecting against pathogens and producing nutrients for the colonic mucosa (3,11,12,15). We still know relatively little, however, about the contributions of individual anaerobic species to colonic fermentation and to the nutrition and health of the host.Diet-derived substrates, particularly undigested fiber and starch reaching the large intestine, have major effects upon bacterial community structure and metabolism in the colon. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) formed by microbial fermentation have an important effect on colonic health (10, 44). Butyrate in particular has an important role in the metabolism and normal development of colonic epithelial cells and has been implicated in protection against cancer and ulcerative colitis (21). Butyrate is preferentially transported by gut epithelial cells (36), serves as a preferred energy source for colonocytes (37,43), and has been shown to exert direct effects upon gene expression in mammalian cells through histone hyperacetylation and through interaction with butyrate response elements upstream of some genes (8, 45). Production of butyrate by mixed human fecal microflora in vitro is known to be strongly influenced by the growth substrate. Starch, for example, is strongly butyrogenic, whereas other polysaccharides such...

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Isolation and characteristics of a wheatbran-degrading Butyrivibrio from human faeces

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Restricted Distribution of the Butyrate Kinase Pathway among Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Colon

Restricted Distribution of the Butyrate Kinase Pathway among Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Colon

Lactate-Utilizing Bacteria, Isolated from Human Feces, That Produce Butyrate as a Major Fermentation Product

Phylogenetic Relationships of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria from the Human Gut

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