Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria Recovered from the Uteri of Dairy Cows with Retained Fetal Membranes and Postparturient Endometritis

Abstract

Summary The uteri of 77 postparturient dairy cows were sampled. Samples were cultured aerobically and anaerobically, and the nature of bacterial growth was identified. A mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacterial infection was found in 55 % of the samples. Actinomyces pyogenes was the predominant aerobic species; it was found in 70 % of the samples, whereas Bacteroides melaninogenicus was the most frequent anaerobic species isolated. Altogether, 16 species belonging to the genus Bacteroides were identified with variable frequencies. It appears that more than one Bacteroides species colonizes the uterus of a given cow postpartum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clindamycin, metronidazole, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin for 83 anaerobic isolates were determined. All isolates were susceptible to clindamycin (MIC90 of 0.064 μg/ml) and all but two to metronidazole. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was variable, with a bimodal distribution of MIC values. The MIC of tetracycline for 90 % of the isolates was >256 μg/ml.

Detection and characterization of antibiotic-resistance genes in Arcanobacterium pyogenes strains from abscesses of forest musk deer

“…Bonnett et al (1991) found that the co-infection of A. pyogenes with Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria could increase uterine lesions. In bovine hepatic abscesses, Fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic bacterium, is the primary aetiological agent and co-infects mainly with A. pyogenes, leading to host death (Scanlan & Hathcock, 1983;Roeder et al, 1989;Cohen et al, 1996;Tan et al, 1996). Because forest musk deer are protected by Chinese legislation, experiments on live animals were not possible.…”

Antimicrobial susceptibility ofArcanobacterium pyogenesisolated from the lungs of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with pneumonia

“…A notable discrepancy was that 5 (17.2%) isolates of A. pyogenes tested in the current study were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, whereas A. pyogenes from bovine and porcine species, as well as A. pyogenes from non-lung lesions of white-tailed deer with necrobacillosis tested in previous studies, were susceptible to penicillin. 5,6,31 Also, 1 study observed a difference between susceptible patterns of A. pyogenes isolated from bovine udder and bovine uterus to oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. 6 Most of the isolates that originated from the uterus were resistant to oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, whereas udder isolates were sensitive to both drugs.…”

“…5,6,31 Also, 1 study observed a difference between susceptible patterns of A. pyogenes isolated from bovine udder and bovine uterus to oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. 6 Most of the isolates that originated from the uterus were resistant to oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, whereas udder isolates were sensitive to both drugs. 6 Another study found that bovine and porcine isolates of A. pyogenes behaved differently to certain antibacterial drugs where more isolates of porcine origin were resistant to oxytetracycline, erythromycin, tilmicosin, and lincomycin as compared to those isolated from cattle.…”

“…6 Most of the isolates that originated from the uterus were resistant to oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, whereas udder isolates were sensitive to both drugs. 6 Another study found that bovine and porcine isolates of A. pyogenes behaved differently to certain antibacterial drugs where more isolates of porcine origin were resistant to oxytetracycline, erythromycin, tilmicosin, and lincomycin as compared to those isolated from cattle. 31 Together, these studies suggest that antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of A. pyogenes may vary depending on the host species and the anatomical site from which they were isolated.…”

“…5,6,10,14,31 Nevertheless, the study evaluated A. pyogenes isolated from various lesions of necrobacillosis but did not involve a single strain of A. pyogenes isolated from deer lung. 5 All A. pyogenes isolates tested were highly susceptible to ceftiofur, spectinomycin, tiamulin, and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, suggesting their potential use in treating A. pyogenes-associated pneumonia.…”