Isolation and Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum from Vaccinated Hens in Mexico

Abstract

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) strains were isolated at 39.5 °C to rule out temperature-sensitive strains (ts+) and identified using random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Then, their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC100) were calculated in isolated strains from broiler breeders and laying hens vaccinated with ts+ MS-H and ts+ MG TS-11 vaccines in Mexico. We sampled 631 lots of hens. A total of 28 of the 123 MS isolates and 12 of the 23 MG isolates were analyzed using random amplification of polymorphic DNA, of which 24 and 3 matched the DNA banding patterns of the MS-H and MG-F strains, respectively. The isolated MS and MG strains were sensitive to tiamulin and tylosin and showed intermediate sensitivity or resistance to lincomycin, florfenicol, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, and curcumin. Although both the MS and MG strains were sensitive to the same antibiotics (MIC100 lower than 1 mg mL−1), the MG strains were 5 to 10 times more sensitive than the MS strains. MS is the most frequently isolated mycoplasma in Mexican poultry production. The MS vaccine used (ts+ MS-H) could reverse its thermosensitivity and therefore could regain its virulence. MS was less sensitive to tiamulin and tylosin compared to MG.

A Multiplex PCR Assay for Differential Identification of Wild-type and Vaccine Strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

“…The use of MG vaccines is perhaps the most effective and efficient means of preventing poultry farms from exposure to the aforementioned risk factors. In particular, the three kinds (ts-11, 6/85, and F strain) of MG vaccines have been widely used in many other countries, including the Netherlands, Asia (South Korea, Thailand, and Jordan), Australia, and Latin America (Mexico and Brazil) [ 3 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Mechanistic insights of magnolol antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma using untargeted metabolomic analyses

“…The use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding industry has been greatly reduced with the promulgation of the order to restrict the use of antibiotics, resulting in increasing difficulties in the prevention and control of mycoplasma disease ( Kama-Kama et al., 2017 ; Nhung et al., 2017 ). Compared to M. gallisepticum , M. synoviae causing chronic respiratory disease (CRD), infectious synovitis, and eggshell apex abnormalities, which lead to serious damage to poultry industry and attracted extensive attention in recent years ( Kursa et al., 2019 ; Petrone-Garcia et al., 2020 ). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop antibiotic substitutes to help livestock and poultry production.…”

“…M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum are important pathogens in poultry industry that are the major causes of economic losses to the poultry industry ( Feberwee et al., 2022 ). Recently, chronic respiratory disease (CRD), infectious synovitis, and eggshell apex abnormalities caused by M. synoviae have led to serious damage to poultry industry ( Kursa et al., 2019 ; Petrone-Garcia et al., 2020 ). Therefore, M. synoviae has attracted extensive attention as a serious pathogen.…”

“…Attenuated live vaccine of MS-H (Vaxsafe ® MS) is used to prevent M. synoviae wildtype strain infection in poultry ( Shahid et al., 2014 ). In addition, antibiotics including macrolides, lincosamides, pleuromutilins, and fluoroquinolones are another effective way to prevent and treat M. synoviae infection in veterinary clinics ( Petrone-Garcia et al., 2020 ). However, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of mycoplasma is becoming serious owing to the unreasonable use of antibiotics in veterinary clinical treatment ( Davies and Davies, 2010 ).…”

Isolation and Progeny Transmission of Non-Temperature-Sensitive MS-H Vaccine Strains of <i>Mycoplasma synoviae</i> from Temperature-Sensitive MS-H-Vaccinated Laying Breeder Hens

“…Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is the main Mycoplasma species in Mexican poultry production [1]. The route of MS infection may play a significant part in the resulting disease.…”