Isolation and Absolute Configuration Determination of Aliphatic Sulfates as the Daphnia Kairomones Inducing Morphological Defense of a Phytoplankton

Yasumoto, Ko; Nishigami, Akinori; Kasai, Fumie; Kusumi, Takenori; Ooi, Takashi

doi:10.1248/cpb.54.271

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Recently, the chemical nature of the natural colony-inducing chemicals released from Daphnia has been elucidated and the active substances were identified as different aliphatic sulfates (Yasumoto et al 2005; 2006; 2008a, b). These compounds are closely related to commonly used manmade anionic surfactants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surfactant FFD-6 induced a response similar to the one evoked by the natural information conveying chemicals. These natural active substances have been extracted from Daphnia and could be identified as different aliphatic sulfates and sulfamates showing strong structural similarity with synthetic anionic surfactants (Yasumoto et al 2005, 2006, 2008a, b). Hence, despite various anionic surfactants have been classified as not dangerous to the environment with respect to their effect on Daphnia (Verge and Moreno 2000), the FFD-6-induced morphological effect might indicate potential adverse effects on the energy-flow from algae to higher trophic levels at concentrations previously thought to be safe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of an anionic surfactant (FFD-6) on the energy and information flow between a primary producer (Scenedesmus obliquus) and a consumer (Daphnia magna)

2011

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The effects of a commercially available anionic surfactant solution (FFD-6) on growth and morphology of a common green alga (Scenedesmus obliquus) and on survival and clearance rates of the water flea Daphnia magna were studied. The surfactant-solution elicited a morphological response (formation of colonies) in Scenedesmus at concentrations of 10–100 μl l−1 that were far below the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) value of 1,000 μl l−1 for growth inhibition. The NOEC-value of FFD-6 for colony-induction was 3 μl l−1. Daphnia survival was strongly affected by FFD-6, yielding LC50–24h and LC50–48h of 148 and 26 μl l−1, respectively. In addition, clearance rates of Daphnia feeding on unicellular Scenedesmus were inhibited by FFD-6, yielding a 50% inhibition (EC50–1.5h) at 5.2 μl l−1 with a NOEC of 0.5 μl l−1. When Daphnia were offered FFD-6-induced food in which eight-celled colonies (43 × 29 μm) were most abundant, clearance rates (~0.14 ml ind.−1 h−1) were only 25% the rates of animals that were offered non-induced unicellular (15 × 5 μm) Scenedesmus (~0.56 ml ind.−1 h−1). As FFD-6 concentrations in the treated food used in the experiments were far below the NOEC for clearance rate inhibition, it is concluded that the feeding rate depression was caused by the altered morphology of the Scenedesmus moving them out of the feeding window of the daphnids. The surfactant evoked a response in Scenedesmus that is similar to the natural chemically induced defensive reaction against grazers and could disrupt the natural information conveyance between these plankton organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an anionic surfactant (FFD-6) on the energy and information flow between a primary producer (Scenedesmus obliquus) and a consumer (Daphnia magna)

2011

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“…Daphnia pulex was also found to induce morphological changes in Scenedesmus gutwinskii var. heterospina Bodrogközy, through the release of aliphatic sulphates (Yasumoto et al, ). In addition, unsterilized filtrates of lake water dominated by zooplankton (Yang, Kong & Shi, ) and secretions of Ochromonas sp.…”

Section: Colony Formation In Microcystismentioning

confidence: 99%

Colony formation in the cyanobacterium Microcystis

2018

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Morphological evolution from a unicellular to multicellular state provides greater opportunities for organisms to attain larger and more complex living forms. As the most common freshwater cyanobacterial genus, Microcystis is a unicellular microorganism, with high phenotypic plasticity, which forms colonies and blooms in lakes and reservoirs worldwide. We conducted a systematic review of field studies from the 1990s to 2017 where Microcystis was dominant. Microcystis was detected as the dominant genus in waterbodies from temperate to subtropical and tropical zones. Unicellular Microcystis spp. can be induced to form colonies by adjusting biotic and abiotic factors in laboratory. Colony formation by cell division has been induced by zooplankton filtrate, high Pb concentration, the presence of another cyanobacterium (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii), heterotrophic bacteria, and by low temperature and light intensity. Colony formation by cell adhesion can be induced by zooplankton grazing, high Ca concentration, and microcystins. We hypothesise that single cells of all Microcystis morphospecies initially form colonies with a similar morphology to those found in the early spring. These colonies gradually change their morphology to that of M. ichthyoblabe, M. wesenbergii and M. aeruginosa with changing environmental conditions. Colony formation provides Microcystis with many ecological advantages, including adaption to varying light, sustained growth under poor nutrient supply, protection from chemical stressors and protection from grazing. These benefits represent passive tactics responding to environmental stress. Microcystis colonies form at the cost of decreased specific growth rates compared with a unicellular habit. Large colony size allows Microcystis to attain rapid floating velocities (maximum recorded for a single colony, ∼ 10.08 m h ) that enable them to develop and maintain a large biomass near the surface of eutrophic lakes, where they may shade and inhibit the growth of less-buoyant species in deeper layers. Over time, accompanying species may fail to maintain viable populations, allowing Microcystis to dominate. Microcystis blooms can be controlled by artificial mixing. Microcystis colonies and non-buoyant phytoplankton will be exposed to identical light conditions if they are evenly distributed over the water column. In that case, green algae and diatoms, which generally have a higher growth rate than Microcystis, will be more successful. Under such mixing conditions, other phytoplankton taxa could recover and the dominance of Microcystis would be reduced. This review advances our understanding of the factors and mechanisms affecting Microcystis colony formation and size in the field and laboratory through synthesis of current knowledge. The main transition pathways of morphological changes in Microcystis provide an example of the phenotypic plasticity of organisms during morphological evolution from a unicellular to multicellular state. We emphasise that the mechanisms and factors influencing competiti...

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“…More recent research elucidated the chemical nature of the cues involved, which were identified as aliphatic sulfates and sulfamates (Yasumoto et al, 2005(Yasumoto et al, , 2006(Yasumoto et al, , 2008a. These so-called kairomones show strong structural similarity with synthetic anionic surfactants.…”

Section: Costs and Benefits Of Phytoplankton Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing resistance in phytoplankton

Lürling

2020

Hydrobiologia

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Phytoplankton is confronted with a variable assemblage of zooplankton grazers that create a strong selection pressure for traits that reduce mortality. Phytoplankton is, however, also challenged to remain suspended and to acquire sufficient resources for growth. Consequently, phytoplanktic organisms have evolved a variety of strategies to survive in a variable environment. An overview is presented of the various phytoplankton defense strategies, and costs and benefits of phytoplankton defenses with a zooming in on grazer-induced colony formation. The tradeoff between phytoplankton competitive abilities and defenses against grazing favor adaptive trait changes-rapid evolution and phenotypic plasticity-that have the potential to influence population and community dynamics, as exemplified by controlled chemostat experiments. An interspecific defense-growth trade-off could explain seasonal shifts in the species composition of an in situ phytoplankton community yielding defense and growth rate as key traits of the phytoplankton. The importance of grazing and protection against grazing in shaping the phytoplankton community structure should not be underestimated. The trade-offs between nutrient acquisition, remaining suspended, and grazing resistance generate the dynamic phytoplankton community composition.

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Isolation and Absolute Configuration Determination of Aliphatic Sulfates as the Daphnia Kairomones Inducing Morphological Defense of a Phytoplankton

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of an anionic surfactant (FFD-6) on the energy and information flow between a primary producer (Scenedesmus obliquus) and a consumer (Daphnia magna)

Effects of an anionic surfactant (FFD-6) on the energy and information flow between a primary producer (Scenedesmus obliquus) and a consumer (Daphnia magna)

Colony formation in the cyanobacterium Microcystis

Grazing resistance in phytoplankton

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