Isolating the impacts of urban form and fabric from geography in assessing heat mitigation strategies

Sprawl or compactness? How urban form influences urban surface temperatures in Europe

“…b) violin plots indicating the temperature differences between the smallest 50% of urban patches surrounded by agricultural land and the largest 50% of urban patches in regions neu, ceu, and med. form, having an improved understanding of the climatic impacts of dense and high-rise urban areas (i.e., three-dimensional considerations, Li et al [32] and isolating the effects of urban form and fabric from geography [43] have been shown to be crucial. Last but not least, it is important to note that the complex 3d structure of cities lead to anisotropy effects (i.e.…”