Isolating Lithologic Versus Tectonic Signals of River Profiles to Test Orogenic Models for the Eastern and Southeastern Carpathians

Abstract

Lithologic contrasts can be wrongly assigned as tectonic signals • Field and topographic evidence shows lithologic signals are prevalent in the East-10 ern Carpathians 11 • Tectonic forcing is successfully disentangled from lithology with systematic extrac-12 tion of relative steepness index

Complex erosional response to uplift and rock strength contrasts in transient river systems crossing an active normal fault revealed by 10Be and 26Al cosmogenic nuclide analyses

“…Geomorphic indices were calculated using ArcGIS Pro and TAK (Forte & Whipple, 2018), k sn values were determined with a Θ ref = 0.45 following Kent et al (2017, 2021) and the profiler function. While the choice of reference concavity can impact the resultant k sn values, Gailleton et al (2021) demonstrated this is not significant.…”

“…Miller, Baldwin, & Fitzgerald, 2012; Ortega, Wohl, & Livers, 2013; Regalla et al, 2013; Snyder et al, 2000). However, landscape evolution modelling (Darling et al, 2020; Forte & Whipple, 2018; Forte, Yanites, & Whipple, 2016; Mitchell & Yanites, 2021; Perne et al, 2017) and field investigations at the landscape (Bernard et al, 2019; Zondervan, Stokes, et al, 2020) and catchment scale (Duvall, 2004; Gailleton et al, 2021; Kent et al, 2021; Peifer et al, 2020; Sklar & Dietrich, 2001; Whittaker et al, 2007) have increasingly investigated the importance of lithology on river incision and fluvial geomorphology. Yet, there are still uncertainties in how bedrock properties influence catchment scale erosion and how such characteristics can be effectively measured in the field.…”

Impact of Changing Concavity Indices on Channel Steepness and Divide Migration Metrics

“… . As discussed in Gailleton, Sinclair, et al (2021), the large eastward drop of sn E k by values between 470 and 480 is linked to a combination of differential lithology and recent tectonics. However, the relative magnitude of this reduction depends on the choice of We may be uncertain about the correct incision rule, and will therefore struggle to define a value of ref E  based on the physics of incision or sediment transport.…”