Isolated Urinary, Fecal, and Double Incontinence: Prevalence and Degree of Soiling in Stroke Survivors

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of isolated urinary and fecal, and double incontinence in community living stroke survivors and to assess the degree of soiling. Residents living in institutional settings were excluded. Measurements:Respondents were asked about previous stroke, urinary and bowel symptoms, general health and demographic details including age, sex and ethnicity.Urinary incontinence was defined as leakage several times a month or more often.Major fecal incontinence was defined as soiling of underwear, outer clothing, furnishings or bedding several times a month or more often.Results: A 65% response rate to the postal survey was obtained with the return of 39, 519 eligible questionnaires, with 4% (n=1483) reporting stroke. Five percent of stroke survivors reported major fecal incontinence, with 4.3% reporting both fecal and urinary incontinence and 0.8% reporting isolated fecal incontinence. Major fecal incontinence was four and a half times more prevalent in stroke survivors than the non-stroke population, and stroke survivors were also twice as likely to report soiling of furnishings or bedding. The presence of fecal incontinence in both the stroke and non-stroke population is influenced by functional limitations. ConclusionsFecal incontinence is common in stroke survivors and the degree of soiling can be considerable. Future research needs to explore the impact fecal incontinence can have on the lives of stroke survivors and on how it can best be managed in those living in the community.

Comprehensive Overview of Nursing and Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Care of the Stroke Patient

“…289,293 Generally, effective intervention involves medications and assurance of appropriate fiber and fluid intake and bowel habits. 294 Bulk-forming laxatives, bisacodyl suppositories, stool softeners, osmotic agents, and/or stimulant laxatives may be indicated or contraindicated depending on the individual patient.…”

“…100,287 Persistent bladder and bowel difficulties can significantly affect the rehabilitation process (time) and negatively influence stroke survivors' physical and mental health, leading to social isolation and restrictions in subsequent employment and leisure activities. 288,289 Before any interventions are performed, the nurse and other interdisciplinary team members should determine the stroke survivor's premorbid bladder and bowel patterns. 288,289 Although urinary retention is common during the initial stages of stroke recovery, by 1 year after stroke, it occurs in only 15% of patients.…”

“…288,289 Before any interventions are performed, the nurse and other interdisciplinary team members should determine the stroke survivor's premorbid bladder and bowel patterns. 288,289 Although urinary retention is common during the initial stages of stroke recovery, by 1 year after stroke, it occurs in only 15% of patients. In these patients, bladder emptying must be monitored, because retention is a significant contributing factor to urinary tract infections (Table 6).…”

Prevalence of Incontinence During Rehabilitation in Patients Following a Stroke

“…A study from the United Kingdom noted that 6.9% of 1,483 stroke survivors living in the community reported FI (major FI, 4.7%; minor FI, 2.2%). A total of 4.3% had double incontinence, and 0.8% had isolated FI [25].…”

Assessment of urinary incontinence in the elderly using the InterRAI-AC instrument

“…Mūsų tyrimo ir užsienio autorių duomenys panašūs. Pacientai, sirgę išeminiu insultu, keturis kartus dažniau, o sergantys demencija net 15,37 karto dažniau skundėsi šlapimo nelaikymu nei nesirgę šio-mis ligomis (31)(32)(33).…”