Isolated thoracic duct injury after penetrating chest trauma

Nutritional management in patients with chyle leakage: a systematic review

“…Six publications reported the use of both TPN and MCT supplementation, usually indicating TPN when MCT supplementation alone has failed, and these subjects have been combined as a separate group. [18][19][20][21][22][23] The use of TPN and MCTs were the most common interventions, with TPN having a slightly lower success rate compared with MCT supplementation (Table 2). However, there was no statistically significant difference between any of the dietary methods and the rate of resolution of a chyle leak (χ 2 = 11.14, P = 0.08).…”

“…TPN was often indicated by the patients' attending practitioner when drainage outputs were considered too high to resolve with dietary fat restrictions alone or when more conservative methods had failed. 2,[18][19][20][21][22][23]37 Consequently, patients on TPN typically had more severe chyle leaks than those on an MCT or low-fat diet and were more likely to require surgery regardless of dietary treatment. Given the inherent risks involved in TPN, 32 it is important for practitioners to evaluate the risks and benefits of this treatment, as a failed TPN intervention introduces increased risk of morbidity in addition to the possibility of poor surgical outcomes if long-term chyle leakage occurs.…”

Dasatinib-Induced Chylothorax in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

“…Iatrogenic traumatic causes include thoracic duct damage following subclavian vein catheterization and duct blockage due to central venous catheterization-related venous thrombosis ( 5 ). Noniatrogenic traumatic cases include thoracic duct damage following fracture, dislocation of the spine, childbirth, and penetrating trauma from knife or gunshot injuries ( 6,7 ). Nontraumatic etiologies include malignancy, sarcoidosis, retrosternal goiter, amyloidosis, superior vena cava thrombosis, benign tumors, congenital duct abnormalities, and diseases of the lymph vessels such as yellow nail syndrome, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and hemangiomatosis ( 4 ).…”

Chylothorax in Infants and Children

“…55,56 Noniatrogenic trauma can lead to the development of chylothorax. These include blunt force or penetrating trauma to the chest, [57][58][59][60][61] sudden hyperextension, or stretching of the chest wall or thoracic spine with fracture of a vertebra, 2 severe coughing or vomiting, 62 and the force of child birth. 2,63 Child abuse, such as heavy blows to the back or stomach, can cause rupture of the thoracic duct, leading to the development of chylothorax.…”