Isolated Single Coronary Artery: Diagnosis, Angiographic Classification, and Clinical Significance

Abstract

Isolated single coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly occuring in approximately 0.024% of the population. This entity can be diagnosed during life only by coronary angiography. Ten patients with isolated single coronary artery are reported. Based on angiographic analysis, a new classification is proposed, according to the site of origin and anatomical distribution of the branches. Typical angina did not occur with single coronary artery in the absence of coexisting coronary artery disease or aortic stenosis. No correlation was apparent between the type of anomalous patterns and the symptoms of angina.

Anomalous right coronary artery originating from the distal left circumflex artery: A novel coronary artery anomaly viewed by computed tomography and invasive angiography

“…The present article describes a novel anomalous coronary artery variant in which the RCA originated from the distal left circumflex artery and had no malignant course. This was compatible with the Lipton L1 classification of single coronary artery anomalies (1). The absence of the RCA ostium originating as a continuation of the distal left circumflex artery is extremely rare, with an incidence of 0% to 0.035% (2).…”

Anomalous Origin of Right Coronary Artery

“…Significant anomalies are exceedingly rare, but are responsible for 0.25% -0.9% of congenital malformations. 2,5 With respect to our case, anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus of Valsalva occurs with an incidence of 0.05% to 0.1% in the general population. 6 While anomalous coronary arteries occur with low frequency, there is a high risk of sudden death due to myocardial ischemia and resultant arrhythmia associated with them.…”

“…The cardiogenic area subsequently forms a pair of endocardial tubes which fuse to form the primitive heart tube. 2 Normal coronary arteries arise from appropriate differentiation of pleuripotent cells into their respective anatomic and functional components. Anomalies of the coronary circulation result from processes that disrupt the normal differentiation and specialization of the primitive heart tube.…”

Artéria coronária única submetida a angioplastia com implante de Stent

“…The single coronary artery (SCA), described as an isolated coronary artery, has no gender predominance, being a rare entity with an incidence of 0.024% when isolated, and of 0.03 to 0.04% when associated with other cardiac abnormalities [2][3][4] . Its main characteristic is being originated from the aortic root through a single ostium, with no evidence of a second ostium, being then responsible for the irrigation of the entire heart, independently of its distribution 2 .…”

“…Its main characteristic is being originated from the aortic root through a single ostium, with no evidence of a second ostium, being then responsible for the irrigation of the entire heart, independently of its distribution 2 . In these cases, proximal atherosclerotic obstructions may have severe consequences for the patient 4 .…”