Isolated coronary artery ectasia: Clinical, angiographic, and follow up characteristics

Abstract

BackgroundIsolated Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is considered an uncommon angiographic finding with varying patterns of presentation and carries significant morbidity burden to the patient. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of this condition, to analyse its clinical, angiographic, and follow up characteristics.Patients and methodsCoronary angiography was performed in 4950 patients from January 2009 to August 2014. The epidemiological, clinical, angiographic, and follow up characteristics of 52 patients with isolated CAE were examined.ResultsOf the 4950 angiograms analysed, isolated CAE was found in 52 patients, a prevalence of 1.05 %. The mean age of patients was 53.4 years. A predominance of the male sex was observed (71.1%). Angina on exertion was the most common presenting symptom (61.5%). Single vessel was involved in 61.5%. Left anterior descending artery was the most commonly involved vessel followed by right coronary artery, left circumflex and left main coronary artery. Type IV CAE as per Markis classification was the most common involvement. The median follow-up was 28 ± 20 months, during which 10 patients (19.2%) had recurrent chest pain, and four patients were re-hospitalised, three for unstable angina, one for myocardial infarction.ConclusionThe prevalence of isolated coronary ectasia was 1.05%. The majority of patients had single vessel involvement, and left anterior descending branch was the most common involved vessel. This condition may not be considered completely benign, as it is associated with atherosclerotic risk factors and occurrence of coronary events including angina and myocardial infarction.

Association with serum adropin levels and isolated coronary artery ectasia in patients with stable angina pectoris

“…Increased myocardial ischemia with exercise has also been shown in patients with isolated CAE (17). In addition, it was reported that the 7-year mortality rate of these patients is similar to that of three-vessel coronary artery disease patients followed with medical treatment (18). Thrombotic occlusion in the ectatic region, microembolisms distal to the ectasia, and coronary slow flow are among the causes of increased mortality among these patients.…”

“…Histopathological results are similar in patients with atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and those with isolated CAE (21). In a study by Malviya et al (18), Type 4 ectasia was the most common type, while Turan et al (10) determined that Type 2 was most common. We also observed that Type 2 was the most common type in our study.…”

Incidence and Characteristics of Coronary Artery Ectasia in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography at Army Cardiac Center Lahore

“…Studies conducted in our region show its angiographic prevalence to be around 4 (4.5%) and incidence of isolated CAE without CAD to be 3 (1.9%). In a recent study from our region, included 4,950 coronary angiograms, 270 patients were found to have coronary ectasia (5.4%) 9 . Of them, 52 patients had isolated coronary ectasia (19.2%) 9 .…”

“…In a recent study from our region, included 4,950 coronary angiograms, 270 patients were found to have coronary ectasia (5.4%) 9 . Of them, 52 patients had isolated coronary ectasia (19.2%) 9 . Our study is the first large study in Pakistan which has prospectively tried to evaluate the incidence of CAE in patients undergoing coronary angiography.…”

Evaluation of index of cardio-electrophysiological balance and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with coronary artery ectasia

“…CAE may be a cause of coronary rupture, spasm, dissection, thrombosis, myocardial ischemia and even sudden cardiac death eventually [3,4]. As a result this condition may not be accepted completely benign as it is associated with adverse coronary events [5].…”