Isolated blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction: prevalence and associated diseases

Abstract

Although isolated barrier dysfunction may be found in a variety of neurological diseases, it is especially frequent in GBS, CIDP, NPH, spinal canal stenosis, and PNP. In these patients, disease-related mechanisms contributing to barrier dysfunction are likely. Moreover, barrier function seems to be influenced by disease-independent determinants like weight and BMI.

Serum pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid concentration analysis of the new IgG4 monoclonal antibody GNbAC1 to treat multiple sclerosis: A Phase 1 study

“…This ratio is somewhat higher than the few ratio data available in MS, such as those with rituximab or BIIB033. It should be noted that the CSF/serum ratios for albumin were high among these healthy subjects, which may be explained by the slight overweight observed in the sample; 17 this observation may represent a limitation in the extrapolation of the CSF results. Overall, the present pharmacokinetic data of GNbAC1 in serum and in CSF are extremely important for a better understanding of the mAb penetration in the CNS, and represent a key element in the rationale of the future study dose planning in order to bind optimally to the intra-CNS targets.…”

Intravenous immunoglobulins contain naturally occurring antibodies that mimic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and activate neutrophils in a TNFα-dependent and Fc-receptor–independent way

“…Pre-existing alterations of the cerebral microvasculature or site-specific alterations of endothelial cells may contribute to the preferential recruitment of neutrophils to the meninges. Alterations of the vascular blood brain barrier (BBB) have been demonstrated in various neurologic conditions frequently treated with IVIg including multiple sclerosis, 59 GuillainBarré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and other polyneuropathies 60 but also in migraine, 60 which has previously been reported to be a risk factor for IVIg-associated aseptic meningitis 28 ; BBB dysfunction is also discussed in systemic lupus with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. 61 In addition, alterations of the chemokine and cytokine profiles linked to the underlying autoimmune condition or the IVIg therapy itself may be involved in priming and recruitment of neutrophils.…”

Healing of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report

“…One of them is cervical spinal stenosis. As the patient had cervical spinal stenosis, this may have caused the observed albumin increases in the spinal fluid [11]. In addition, a reduced sensory nerve conduction velocity is not typical of ALS.…”