Abstract:RESUMO:Foram isoladas amebas dos gêneros Vahlkampfia, Glaeseria, Acanthamoeba, Filamoeba, Amoeba, Platyamoeba e Hartmanella de dez diferentes marcas de água mineral engarrafadas, servidas no Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brasil). Somente uma das marcas foi negativa para protozoários, enquanto que de todas as outras foram isoladas amebas de vida livre. O significado desses resultados é discutido como um indicador de qualidade da água mineral usada comercialmente, destacando-se o fato de que alguns desses microorganismos … Show more
“…Most published papers report on free‐living amebae mainly because research attention was focused on this group of microorganisms. Especially in older studies, some researchers warned about the possible health effects after eating lettuce (Napolitano and Colletti‐Eggolt ) or drinking bottled mineral water (Rivera and others ; Salazar and others ) contaminated with acanthamoebae, a group of amebae, which includes some opportunistic pathogens (see next section). However, the infection route for Acanthamoeba spp.…”
Section: Occurrence and Diversity Of Flp On Food Products And In Drinmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although most of the studies focused on amebae, flagellates and ciliates are also common inhabitants of engineered water systems (Poitelon and others ; Valster and others ; Otterholt and Charnock ). Not only drinking water supplied by public water services contains FLP, bottled mineral water has also tested positive for amebae (Desmet‐Paix ; Dive and others ; Rivera and others ; Salazar and others ; Fluviá and others ; Penland and Wilhelmus ), flagellates (Rivera and others ), and ciliates (Salazar and others ). The occurrence of FLP in mineral water is not surprising since FLP inhabit aquifers (Novarino and others ; Risse‐Buhl and others ).…”
Section: Occurrence and Diversity Of Flp On Food Products And In Drinmentioning
Free-living protozoa (FLP) are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems where they play an important role in the reduction of bacterial biomass and the regeneration of nutrients. However, it has been shown that some species such as Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and Tetrahymena pyriformis can act as hosts of pathogenic bacteria. There is a growing concern that FLP might contribute to the maintenance of bacterial pathogens in the environment. In addition to survival and/or replication of bacterial pathogens in FLP, resistance to antimicrobial agents and increased virulence of bacteria after passage through protozoa have been reported. This review presents an overview of FLP in food-associated environments and on foods, and discusses bacterial interactions with FLP, with focus on the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. The consequences of these microbial interactions to food safety are evaluated.
“…Most published papers report on free‐living amebae mainly because research attention was focused on this group of microorganisms. Especially in older studies, some researchers warned about the possible health effects after eating lettuce (Napolitano and Colletti‐Eggolt ) or drinking bottled mineral water (Rivera and others ; Salazar and others ) contaminated with acanthamoebae, a group of amebae, which includes some opportunistic pathogens (see next section). However, the infection route for Acanthamoeba spp.…”
Section: Occurrence and Diversity Of Flp On Food Products And In Drinmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although most of the studies focused on amebae, flagellates and ciliates are also common inhabitants of engineered water systems (Poitelon and others ; Valster and others ; Otterholt and Charnock ). Not only drinking water supplied by public water services contains FLP, bottled mineral water has also tested positive for amebae (Desmet‐Paix ; Dive and others ; Rivera and others ; Salazar and others ; Fluviá and others ; Penland and Wilhelmus ), flagellates (Rivera and others ), and ciliates (Salazar and others ). The occurrence of FLP in mineral water is not surprising since FLP inhabit aquifers (Novarino and others ; Risse‐Buhl and others ).…”
Section: Occurrence and Diversity Of Flp On Food Products And In Drinmentioning
Free-living protozoa (FLP) are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems where they play an important role in the reduction of bacterial biomass and the regeneration of nutrients. However, it has been shown that some species such as Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and Tetrahymena pyriformis can act as hosts of pathogenic bacteria. There is a growing concern that FLP might contribute to the maintenance of bacterial pathogens in the environment. In addition to survival and/or replication of bacterial pathogens in FLP, resistance to antimicrobial agents and increased virulence of bacteria after passage through protozoa have been reported. This review presents an overview of FLP in food-associated environments and on foods, and discusses bacterial interactions with FLP, with focus on the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. The consequences of these microbial interactions to food safety are evaluated.
“…Subclinical infections caused by these protozoa are probably common among healthy individuals, in whom protozoa harbored in the nose and throat can, in weaker periods, behave as facultative parasites [5,6]). In Brazil, cases of human diseases caused by these amoebae have been described [7][8][9][10] derived from water [11][12][13][14] and dust from external environments [15,16]. The few reports of FLA occurring in internal environments all involve hospitals [1,18].…”
Acanthamoeba and Naegleria species are free-living amoebae (FLA) found in a large variety of natural habitats. The prevalence of such amoebae was determined from dust samples taken from public non-hospital internal environments with good standards of cleanliness from two campuses of the same University in the city of Santos (SP), Brazil, and where young and apparently healthy people circulate. The frequency of free-living amoebae in both campuses was 39% and 17% respectively, with predominance of the genus Acanthamoeba. On the campus with a much larger number of circulating individuals, the observed frequency of free-living amoebae was 2.29 times larger (P< 0.00005). Two trophozoite forms of Naegleria fowleri, are the only species of this genus known to cause primary amoebian meningoencephalitis, a rare and non-opportunistic infection. We assume that the high frequency of these organisms in different internal locations represents some kind of public health risk.
Why Do People Drink Bottled Water?
Where Does Bottled Water Come from?
Regulation of Bottled Water
Growth Media for Bacteria in Bottled Water
Types of Bacteria Normally Found in Source Waters
Treatment of Water
Nomenclature of Waters
Bacteria in the Finished Product
Plastic and Glass Containers
Shelf Storage
Pseudomonads in Bottled Water
Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonads
Carbonated and Noncarbonated Water
Artificial Inoculation of Waters with Bacteria
Aeromonas
sp.
Viability of Bacteria Without Multiplication
Isolation of Amoebae from Mineral Waters
Fluoride in Bottled Water
Bottled Water Dispensers
Use of Bottled Water for Cleaning Contact Lenses
Endotoxin in Bottled Water
New Techniques in Bottled Water Microbiology
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