Isokinetic Cycling and Elliptical Stepping: A Kinematic and Muscle Activation Analysis

Hamzaid, Nur Azah; Smith, Richard M.; Davis, Glen M.

doi:10.4172/2329-910x.1000117

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The subject’s maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs) for the four muscles were measured for muscle activation normalization. In this study, three trials were conducted for each muscle at every MVC testing position [42, 43]. A 30-s rest period was observed between two trials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subject specific optimal control of powered knee exoskeleton to assist human lifting tasks under controlled environment

Arefeen

Xiang

2023

Robotica

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Wearable robots, sometimes known as exoskeletons, are incredible devices for improving human strength, reducing fatigue, and restoring impaired mobility. The control of powered exoskeletons, on the other hand, is still a challenge. This necessitates the development of a technique to simulate exoskeleton–wearer interaction. This study uses a two-dimensional human skeletal model with a powered knee exoskeleton to predict the optimal lifting motion and assistive torque. For lifting motion prediction, an inverse dynamics optimization formulation is utilized. In addition, the electromechanical dynamics of the exoskeleton DC motor are modeled in the lifting optimization formulation. The design variables are human joint angle profiles and exoskeleton motor current profiles. The human joint torque square is minimized subject to physical and lifting task constraints. Then, the lifting optimization problem is solved by the gradient-based sparse nonlinear optimizer (SNOPT). Furthermore, the optimal exoskeleton torque is implemented through a two-phase control strategy to provide optimal assistance in lifting. Experimental validations of the optimal control with 6 Nm and 16 Nm maximum assistive torque are presented. Both 6 Nm and 16 Nm maximum optimal assistance of the exoskeletons reduce the mean values of vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and latissimus dorsi muscle activations compared to the lifting without the exoskeleton. However, the mean value of the vastus medialis activation is increased by a small amount for the exoskeleton case, although its peak value is reduced. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed lifting optimization formulation and control strategy are promising for powered knee exoskeleton for lifting tasks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subject specific optimal control of powered knee exoskeleton to assist human lifting tasks under controlled environment

Arefeen

Xiang

2023

Robotica

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“…Several studies compared muscular effort during exercise on elliptical trainers and treadmill, although only during lowintensity exercise, i.e., walking (5,7,11,20). However, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated how muscular activation differs when exercising at moderate-to-high submaximal workloads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscular Activation Patterns During Exercise on the Treadmill, Stepper, and Elliptical Trainer

Eken

Withers

Flanagan

et al. 2020

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Because of the low-impact, the stepper and elliptical trainer are popular alternatives to running when runners sustain running-related injuries. Muscular effort is expected to be lower during exercise on the stepper and elliptical trainer compared with running. The aim of this study was to quantify this by comparing muscular effort when exercising at similar moderate-to-high exercise intensities on a treadmill, stepper, and elliptical trainer. Seventeen well-trained runners (V Ȯ2 max: 53.3 ml•min 21 •kg 21 [male: n 5 9], 44.8 ml•min 21 •kg 21 [female: n 5 8]; average peak treadmill running speed: 18.7 km•h 21 [male], 16.3 km•h 21 [female]) performed exercise at submaximal levels (60%-70%-80% of peak workload) on the treadmill, stepper, and elliptical trainer. Peak workload was determined during peak exercise tests on separate days. Surface electromyography was recorded from lower extremity muscles. Root-mean-squared (RMS) values were calculated and compared between exercise modalities and submaximal levels. Significance was set at p , 0.05. Root-meansquared levels of lower extremity muscles were significantly reduced during exercise on the stepper and elliptical trainer compared with treadmill running (p , 0.05, except for quadriceps (p . 0.05). Overall, similar RMS levels were found on stepper and elliptical trainer (p . 0.05), whereas in several cases higher RMS levels were found on the stepper compared with elliptical trainer (p , 0.05). These findings support clinical expectations that exercise on the stepper and elliptical trainer reduces muscular effort up to 60% compared with (treadmill) running, and therefore can be effective training modalities during rehabilitation from running-related injuries by restricting impact on lower extremities.

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“…Leg pedaling exercises such as bicycling are generally preferred to increase muscle strength and endurance. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the development of leg muscle function and coordination and the clinical impact of cycling exercise [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of three different type of exercises on aerobic and anaerobic power

Görücü

Bekır

Bădău

2017

PES

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Purpose:The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of three different types of exercise: bicycling, plyometric and weight on aerobic and anaerobic power. Material:Sample size 30 students recreational athletes aged 23,19 years. The athletes were divided into 3 groups of 10 subjects (bicycle, plyometric, weight). The program for 6 weeks included: 3 different exercises planned for 30 minute/3 days/week. Body weight, vertical jump and 20-meter shuttle running tests were measured for each group. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS21.0: arithmetic averages and standard deviations; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to determine the differences between the groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the group which result in the difference among the groups; Wilcoxon 's t test was used to determine pretest posttest differences within the groups. Results:As a result of the research, it was determined that the increase in the aerobic power levels of the bicycle and plyometric groups was significant (p<0.05), but the increase in the weight group was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusions:The different exercises practiced by all three groups significantly increased anaerobic power levels. When the aerobic and anaerobic power values of the three groups in each study were examined, it was found that only the increase of weight and plyometric groups was high level in favor of the weight group in terms of posttest aerobic power.

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Isokinetic Cycling and Elliptical Stepping: A Kinematic and Muscle Activation Analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Subject specific optimal control of powered knee exoskeleton to assist human lifting tasks under controlled environment

Subject specific optimal control of powered knee exoskeleton to assist human lifting tasks under controlled environment

Muscular Activation Patterns During Exercise on the Treadmill, Stepper, and Elliptical Trainer

The effects of three different type of exercises on aerobic and anaerobic power

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