Isohydricity of Two Different Citrus Species under Deficit Irrigation and Reclaimed Water Conditions

Trigueros, Cristina Romero; Gambín, José María Bayona; Tortosa, Pedro Antonio Nortes; Cabañero, Juan José Alarcón; Nicolás, Emilio Nicolás

doi:10.3390/plants10102121

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The underestimation of Ψ stem made by the MT could limit its use in those deficit irrigation strategies in which the Ψ stem threshold value selected to irrigate the trees is −2.0 Mpa. Ψ stem values below −2.0 Mpa have been broadly reported in experiments with olive trees [43], citrus [44], and almond trees [36] under deficit irrigation strategies. On the other hand, in fruit trees such as pears, apples, cherries, peaches, and nectarines, Ψ stem values below −2.0 MPa are considered severe water stress and are undesirable as they will have a negative effect on current year fruit quality or yield or fruit quality the next year [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Microtensiometers Accurately Measure Stem Water Potential in Woody Perennials

Blanco

Kalcsits

2021

Plants

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Stem water potential (Ψstem) is considered to be the standard measure of plant water status. However, it is measured with the pressure chamber (PC), an equipment that can neither provide continuous information nor be automated, limiting its use. Recent developments of microtensiometers (MT; FloraPulse sensors), which can continuously measure water tension in woody tissue of the trunk of the tree, can potentially highlight the dynamic nature of plant water relations. Thus, this study aimed to validate and assess the usefulness of the MT by comparing the Ψstem provided by MT with those same measurements from the PC. Here, two irrigation treatments (a control and a deficit treatment) were applied in a pear (Pyrus communis L.) orchard in Washington State (USA) to capture the full range of water potentials in this environment. Discrete measurements of leaf gas exchange, canopy temperature and Ψstem measured with PC and MT were made every two hours for four days from dawn to sunset. There were strong linear relationships between the Ψstem-MT and Ψstem-PC (R2 > 0.8) and with vapor pressure deficit (R2 > 0.7). However, Ψstem-MT was more variable and lower than Ψstem-PC when Ψstem-MT was below −1.5 MPa, especially during the evening. Minimum Ψstem-MT occurred later in the afternoon compared to Ψstem-PC. Ψstem showed similar sensitivity and coefficients of variation for both PC and MT acquired data. Overall, the promising results achieved indicated the potential for MT to be used to continuously assess tree water status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Microtensiometers Accurately Measure Stem Water Potential in Woody Perennials

Blanco

Kalcsits

2021

Plants

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“…Ψstem of Salvia officinalis consequence of the salinity of this water source (Lorente et al, 2022). The same trend observed Romero-Trigueros et al (2021a) in grapefruit trees irrigated with RW.…”

Section: Reclaimed Watersupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Citrus species Romero-Trigueros et al, 2021a). In olive trees, it was reported that it is possible to schedule irrigation from automated estimations of gs, ensuring an adequate soil water status and avoiding any hard effect on olive yields .…”

Section: And Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision irrigation in citrus with different water qualities

García¹

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Citrus latifolia is increasingly being cultivated in Mediterranean areas, where the need for precise irrigation implies a sound knowledge of the crop's water requirements, which is carried out by monitoring the tree water status in the plant-soil-atmosphere system. Two year-old lime trees (Citrus latifolia Tan. cv. Bearss) were cultivated in 45 L weighing pot-lysimeters filled with a clay-loam soil and equipped with soil water sensors for recording the real-time soil water status. Irrigation, drainage, pot weight, and agro-meteorological variables were also recorded in real-time. Plant water relations -stem (Ψ stem ) and leaf (Ψ leaf ) water potentials, and leaf gas exchange -were periodically measured throughout the experiment. The automated irrigation protocol based on the volumetric soil water content was set to prevent tree water stress (with mean seasonal values of Ψ stem above -0.8 MPa and 7 μmol m − 2 s − 1 and 80 mmol m − 2 s − 1 , for net phtosynthesis and stomatal conductance, respectively). From the soil water pot balance, the computed fortnightly ET mean values throughout the growing season varied from 0.25 to 2.56 L plant − 1 day − 1 in winter and summer months, respectively. Maximum ET values occurred in July when evaporative demand was highest and lime fruits were in their most active growing phase. For day length, lime tree biomass changes were negligible, and the pot tree weight variations served for ET water balance validation (r 2 =0.92***). The contribution of this work is that it establishes a scalable weighing lysimeter prototype for determining the ET of lime trees grown in Mediterranean semi-arid conditions, using real-time soil water balance monitoring managed by an irrigation automation protocol. This approach could be replicated for precise ET measurements in other crops.

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“…The sensitivity of g s to PWS changes was shown to be a good irrigation indicator for several crops [32,157,158]. It was studied in the application of an irrigation schedule in olives [159], grapefruit [160], and grapevines [161], among many others.…”

Section: Stomatal Conductancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In chestnut, LWP was used to assess water transpiration [193], and SWP was used as an indicator for smart irrigation [194]. In pistachio, SWP was considered a tool to manage an irrigation schedule [117], whereas, on the contrary, the isohydric behavior of grapefruit limited the use of SWP as an indicator of plant water status [160]. In cherry, Blanco [35,195] showed that SWP was the most reliable and stable water stress indicator compared to other physiological variables as it clearly detected irrigation changes and quantified water status.…”

Section: Water Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Based Methodologies and Approaches for Estimating Plant Water Status of Mediterranean Tree Species: A Semi-Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Global climate change presents a threat for the environment, and it is aggravated by the mismanagement of water use in the agricultural sector. Since plants are the intermediate component of the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum, and their physiology is directly affected by water availability, plant-based approaches proved to be sensitive and effective in estimating plant water status and can be used as a possible water-saving strategy in crop irrigation scheduling. This work consists of two parts: the first part extensively reviews the plant-based methods and approaches that are most applied to monitor the plant water status (PWS), the different technologies available, the gaps, and the possibility of further improvements in establishing a sustainable irrigation schedule. The various approaches are described, and the differences between conventional and recent improved methods are analyzed. The second part is an extensive dataset survey of 83 publications from 2012 to 2022 that applied the main monitoring methodologies and approaches for water status assessment in fruit and nut tree crops cultivated in a Mediterranean climate. The aim of this work is to serve as a practical reference to deepen reader knowledge on PWS and enhance researchers to identify gaps and potential advances in designing user-friendly monitoring technologies.

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Isohydricity of Two Different Citrus Species under Deficit Irrigation and Reclaimed Water Conditions

Cited by 14 publications

References 93 publications

Microtensiometers Accurately Measure Stem Water Potential in Woody Perennials

Microtensiometers Accurately Measure Stem Water Potential in Woody Perennials

Precision irrigation in citrus with different water qualities

Plant-Based Methodologies and Approaches for Estimating Plant Water Status of Mediterranean Tree Species: A Semi-Systematic Review

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