Isoform/variant mRNAs for sex steroid hormone receptors in humans

Hirata, Shuji; Shoda, Tomoko; Kato, Junzo; Hoshi, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1016/s1043-2760(03)00028-6

Cited by 119 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Like other members of this superfamily, one gene may result in multiple proteins and diverse responses (Zhou and Cidlowski, 2005). Mechanisms for this diversity include epigenetic changes, specifically methylation, of the genes encoding these receptors, multiple isoforms of each receptor as a consequence of alternative RNA splicing, and multiple sites of translation initiation of receptor mRNA (Post et al, 1999;Ying et al, 2000;Lewandowski et al, 2002;Hirata et al, 2003). In addition, post-translational modifications may lead to alterations in both protein stability and function.…”

Section: B Receptors For Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Actions of Estrogens: Functional Implications

2008

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Section: B Receptors For Estrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Actions of Estrogens: Functional Implications

2008

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“…Hirata et al (2003) tentatively classified these splice variants into seven types. In type 1, different mRNAs are generated with the use of alternative transcription start sites.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Estrogen Effects Mechanisms Of Estrogen Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional flavonoids impact on nuclear and extranuclear estrogen receptor activities

Galluzzo

Marino

2006

Genes Nutr

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“…Numerous isoforms/variants have also been identified. Almost all these transcripts are generated by skipping of one or more exons, duplication or deletion of one or more exons, alternative usage of the 5 -untranslated exons or alternative usage of the coding exons (Hirata et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immature germ cells and ejaculated spermatozoa contain aromatase and oestrogen receptors

Lambard¹,

Galeraud-Denis²,

Saunders³

et al. 2004

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

122

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It is now well established that oestrogens play a part in germ cell function. These hormones are synthesised by the cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450 arom) and act via two kinds of receptor (ER and ER ). Although the presence of aromatase and oestrogen receptors in mammalian testis is now well documented, the localisation of these proteins in human germ cells is not yet clear. The primary purpose of the current study was to look for the expression of aromatase and oestrogen receptors in human germ cells. Human immature germ cells were collected from semen samples with an excess of rounds cells (>20%) and purified spermatozoa were obtained after sedimentation on a discontinuous PureSperm gradient. Expression of aromatase and oestrogen receptors was determined by RT-PCR with specific primers, and by Western blot using monoclonal antibodies. RT-PCR products for aromatase, ER and ER were amplified from total RNA isolated from human germ cells and spermatozoa. We identified an ER isoform variant that lacks exon 4 in human germ cells and visualised P450 arom as a single band of 49 kDa in germ cells, as we have already reported for human ejaculated spermatozoa. By Western blot, we identified two proteins for ER at ∼ 50 and ∼ 60 kDa, which could correspond to the long and short forms of ER formed from the use of alternative start sites. In human ejaculated spermatozoa, ER protein was not detected, even though we could amplify mRNA. Using Western blot analysis and a monoclonal antibody specific for ER , we detected two proteins in human immature germ cells: one of the expected size (66 kDa) and a second one of 46 kDa. In mature spermatozoa, only the 46 kDa band was observed and we speculate it may be related to the ER isoform lacking exon I. In conclusion, we have identified P450 arom and ER proteins (full-length and variant) in human germ cells. Further studies are now required to elucidate the mechanism of action of oestrogens on human male germ cells, in terms of both genomic and 'non-genomic' pathways.

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Isoform/variant mRNAs for sex steroid hormone receptors in humans

Cited by 119 publications

References 55 publications

Vascular Actions of Estrogens: Functional Implications

Vascular Actions of Estrogens: Functional Implications

Nutritional flavonoids impact on nuclear and extranuclear estrogen receptor activities

Human immature germ cells and ejaculated spermatozoa contain aromatase and oestrogen receptors

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