2017
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00350.2017
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Isoflurane, ketamine-xylazine, and urethane markedly alter breathing even at subtherapeutic doses

Abstract: Anesthetics are widely used for animal research on respiratory control in vivo, but their effect on breathing and CO chemoreception has not been well characterized in mice, a species now often used for these studies. We previously demonstrated that 1% isoflurane markedly reduces the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) in adult mice in vivo and masks serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] neuron chemosensitivity in vitro. Here we investigated effects of 0.5% isoflurane on breathing in adult mice and also fo… Show more

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Cited by 34 publications
(36 citation statements)
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References 73 publications
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“…The pattern of breathing was quantified in C57BL/6J mice exposed to air, hypoxic gas, and hypercapnic gas. These experiments were performed to confirm previous reports that NO ISO and 1% ISO responses are not different when breathing room air, but 1% ISO does blunt the ability to respond to hypercapnia compared with NO ISO (27, 28). The addition of hypoxic gas allowed for characterizing another respiratory challenge with NO ISO and 1% ISO.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 72%
“…The pattern of breathing was quantified in C57BL/6J mice exposed to air, hypoxic gas, and hypercapnic gas. These experiments were performed to confirm previous reports that NO ISO and 1% ISO responses are not different when breathing room air, but 1% ISO does blunt the ability to respond to hypercapnia compared with NO ISO (27, 28). The addition of hypoxic gas allowed for characterizing another respiratory challenge with NO ISO and 1% ISO.…”
Section: Introductionsupporting
confidence: 72%
“…An additional complexity is that although measured changes in neurotransmitter concentrations were likely caused by isoflurane-induced neuronal hyperpolarization (Ries and Puil 1999), changes in breathing are known to produce significant changes in human prefrontal cortical function (Heck et al 2019;Thomas et al 2005). None of the anesthetized mice in the present study exhibited significant bradypnea, but subanesthetic concentrations of isoflurane can decrease the hypercapnic ventilatory response in B6 mice (Massey and Richerson 2017). Core body temperature was maintained in the anesthetized mice, yet isoflurane can cause a decrease in brain temperature (Shirey et al 2015).…”
Section: State Prediction Irfmentioning
confidence: 75%
“…A second issue impacting the efficacy of therapy in this model is that accessing the airway of the rat to allow intratracheal drug administration requires repeated isoflurane anesthesia. Acutely, this decreases ventilatory drive 45–47 and thereby can accelerate or worsen respiratory failure, sometimes critically. It is, therefore, possible that higher levels of survival in this model were limited by the additional respiratory depressive effect of repeated isoflurane in the already severely compromised MIC‐exposed animals.…”
Section: Limitations Of the Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%