Isoflurane and ketamine anesthesia have different effects on ventilatory pattern variability in rats

Chung, Augustine; Fishman, Mikkel; Dasenbrook, Elliott C.; Loparo, Kenneth A.; Jacono, Frank J.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2012.12.001

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As for the effects on respiration, isoflurane anesthesia was found to reduce respiratory rate in laboratory animals including rats [9], mice [8, 39], and rabbits [16]. In this study, we confirmed that isoflurane, as its inhalation concentration increased, decreased the respiratory rate in SHR/Izm, WKY/Izm, and Crl:CD (SD) rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Different sensitivity to the suppressive effects of isoflurane anesthesia on cardiorespiratory function in SHR/Izm, WKY/Izm, and Crl:CD (SD) rats

et al. 2016

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Isoflurane is a widely used anesthetic, but its effects with increase in inspired concentration on cardiovascular function have not yet been clarified in rodents. Additionally, there are only a few studies comparing isoflurane-induced cardiorespiratory effects between rat strains. Thus, we investigated the differences in cardiorespiratory responsiveness to increasing concentration of inspired isoflurane in SHR/Izm, WKY/Izm and Crl:CD (SD) rats, by increasing the setting values of vaporizer’s dial indicator. The rats were anesthetized with 1.5% isoflurane, and electrocardiograms, blood pressure, and respiratory rate were recorded simultaneously. Thereafter, the inspired concentration was increased stepwise to 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, and cardiorespiratory parameters were obtained at each concentration. Under anesthesia at more than 4%, although prolongation of the RR and PR intervals was observed in all strains, shortening of the QTC interval was found only in SHR/Izm rats. From frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability, an increase in LF/HF ratio and a decrease of HF components were observed in SHR/Izm and WKY/Izm rats, respectively, with 5% isoflurane anesthesia. Blood pressure and heart rate were remarkably reduced in SHR/Izm rats at higher concentrations, whereas the reduction was smallest in WKY/Izm rats among the three strains examined. Respiratory rate was inspired concentration-dependently decreased in all strains. These results suggested that SHR/Izm rats are more sensitive to suppressive effects of isoflurane anesthesia on cardiovascular function among these rat strains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Different sensitivity to the suppressive effects of isoflurane anesthesia on cardiorespiratory function in SHR/Izm, WKY/Izm, and Crl:CD (SD) rats

et al. 2016

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“…1 E) was a significant difference detected. A possible reason for that could be the loss of heart rate- and breathing rate-response due to the adjustment of anaesthesia with isoflurane 24 , 25 . Interestingly, the animals of the treatment group stabilized their body core temperature after the period of hemodilution, whereas the animals of the control group showed a decrease in temperature (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carriers can avoid hypoxic tissue damage in massive hemodilution

Wrobeln

Jägers

Quinting

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Artificial blood for clinical use is not yet available therefore, we previously developed artificial oxygen carriers (capsules) and showed their functionality in vitro and biocompatibility in vivo. Herein, we assessed the functionality of the capsules in vivo in a normovolemic hemodilution rat-model. We stepwise exchanged the blood of male Wistar-rats with medium either in the presence of capsules (treatment) or in their absence (control). We investigated tissue hypoxia thoroughly through online biomonitoring, determination of enzyme activity and pancreatic hormones in plasma, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining of small intestine, heart, liver and spleen as well as in situ hybridization of kidneys. After hemodilution, treated animals show higher arterial blood pressure and have a stable body temperature. Additionally, they show a more stable pH, a higher oxygen partial pressure (pO 2), and a lower carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO 2). Interestingly, blood-glucose-levels drop severely in treated animals, presumably due to glucose consumption. Creatine kinase values in these animals are increased and isoenzyme analysis indicates the spleen as origin. Moreover, the small intestine of treated animals show reduced hypoxic injury compared to controls and the kidneys have reduced expression of the hypoxia-inducible erythropoietin mRNA. In conclusion, our capsules can prevent hypoxic tissue damage. The results provide a proof of concept for capsules as adequate erythrocyte substitute. The need to develop synthetic products for blood replacement has become more and more important during the last decades. On the one hand, the demographic change leads to increasing requirements for blood, and on the other hand, simultaneously the willingness for blood donation declines 1. Blood with its various characteristics fulfils many functions, recent developments of synthetic blood substitutes focus on its most important function: the transport of physiological gases, in particular of oxygen. Additional key requirements for artificial blood substitutes are optimal size, sterility, biocompatibility, and the ability to be stored without loss of functionality. Moreover, artificial oxygen carriers (AOCs) should have a long intravascular circulation time and universal usage independent of the blood group characteristics 2,3. There are two main approaches to realize the transport of essential gases. The first is the use of the physiological oxygen carrier hemoglobin (hemoglobin-based artificial oxygen carriers, HBOCs); a concept realized e.g. in the prominent product hemopure, that gained pharmaceutical approval in South Africa and Mexico. Further HBOCs (e.g. sanguinate) are currently tested in clinical trials 4. So far, most of the products showed severe side effects so that the manufacturing had to be stopped 5. The second is the work with synthetic materials like perfluorocarbons [perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carriers (PFOCs)]. Depending on the actual partial pressure, PFOCs are able to solve gases physically 6...

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“…Performing our recordings under anaesthesia could minimise the EMG output achieved and, subsequently, underestimate the scale of recovery achieved. 10,60 However, any respiratory depressant effect was minimal as our recordings were performed under light ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia 61 and significant ipsilateral hemidiphragm recovery has been previously reported in contused animals assessed under similar conditions of anaesthesia. 12,17 There is compensatory plasticity demonstrated within our control treated animals shown through the increased activity of the contralateral hemidiaphragm and modulation of respiratory frequency.…”

Section: Compromised Diaphragm Activity Is Persistent Overtimementioning

confidence: 69%

Plasticity Induced Recovery of Breathing Occurs at Chronic Stages after Cervical Contusion

Warren

Alilain

2019

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Severe mid-cervical contusion injury causes profound deficits throughout the respiratory motor system which last from acute to chronic time points post injury. Here we use chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) to digest chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the respiratory system at both acute and chronic time points post injury to explore whether augmentation of plasticity can recover normal motor function. We demonstrate that, regardless of time post injury or treatment application, the lesion cavity remains consistent showing little regeneration or neuroprotection within our model. However, through electromyography (EMG) recordings of multiple inspiratory muscles, we show that application of the enzyme at chronic time points post injury initiates the recovery of normal breathing in previously paralysed respiratory muscles. This reduced the need for compensatory activity throughout the motor system. Application of ChABC at acute time points recovered only modest amounts of respiratory function. To further understand this effect, we assessed the anatomical mechanism of this recovery. Increased EMG activity in previously paralyzed muscles was brought about by activation of spared bulbospinal pathways through the site of injury and/or sprouting of spared serotonergic fibres from the contralateral side of the cord. Accordingly, we demonstrate that alterations to the ECM and augmentation of plasticity at chronic time points post cervical contusion can cause functional recovery the respiratory motor system and reveal mechanistic evidence of the pathways which govern this effect.

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Isoflurane and ketamine anesthesia have different effects on ventilatory pattern variability in rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Different sensitivity to the suppressive effects of isoflurane anesthesia on cardiorespiratory function in SHR/Izm, WKY/Izm, and Crl:CD (SD) rats

Different sensitivity to the suppressive effects of isoflurane anesthesia on cardiorespiratory function in SHR/Izm, WKY/Izm, and Crl:CD (SD) rats

Albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carriers can avoid hypoxic tissue damage in massive hemodilution

Plasticity Induced Recovery of Breathing Occurs at Chronic Stages after Cervical Contusion

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