Isoflavones and Postmenopausal Bone Health: A Viable Alternative to Estrogen Therapy?

Scheiber, Michael D.; Rebar, Robert W.

doi:10.1097/00042192-199906030-00010

Cited by 63 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Researchers hypothesize that a diet rich in isoflavones has a protective effect on bone (Tham et al, 1998). Ipriflavone, a synthetic isoflavone derivative (7-isopropoxy-isoflavone), has been used extensively in animal and human studies to evaluate bone health and phytoestrogens with beneficial results (Scheiber and Rebar, 1999). Vincent and Fitzpatrick (2000) reviewed three animal studies and concluded that genistein has a biphasic effect, lower doses improved bone mineral as opposed to high doses, on bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats.…”

Section: Osteoporosis/bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other more recent reviews are those by Adlercreutz (2002Adlercreutz ( , 2003, Ibarreta and coauthors (2001) and Fitzpatrick (2003). Some reviews are general (Knight and Eden, 1996;Potter and Steinmetz, 1996;Adlercreutz, 1998a;Bingham et al, 1998;Setchell, 1998;Tham et al, 1998;Whitten and Naftolin, 1998;Anderson et al, 1999;Messina, 1999) others are specific to health conditions, such as phytoestrogens as an alternative for hormone replacement therapy (Scheiber and Rebar, 1999;Glazier and Bowman, 2001;Kronenberg and Fugh-Berman, 2002;Wuttke et al, 2003a;Wuttke et al, 2003b); phytoestrogens and breast cancer (Barnes, 1998;Cline and Hughes, 1998;Adlercreutz et al, 2000b;Glazier and Bowman, 2001;DeLemos, 2001;Messina and Loprinzi, 2001;Wagner et al, 2001;Adlercreutz, 2002;Adlercreutz, 2003;Peeters et al, 2003); phytoestrogens and cardiovascular disease (Clarkson and Anthony, 1998;Van der Schouw et al, 2000;Wroblewski Lissin and Cooke, 2000;Kris-Etherton et al, 2002); phytoestrogens and chronic renal disease…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phytoestrogens: a review of the present state of research

Ososki

Kennelly

2003

Phytotherapy Research

401

278

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Phytoestrogens are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds that structurally or functionally mimic mammalian estrogens and show potential benefits for human health. The number of articles published on phytoestrogens has risen dramatically in the past couple decades. Further research continues to demonstrate the biological complexity of phytoestrogens, which belong to several different chemical classes and act through diverse mechanisms. This paper discusses the classification of phytoestrogens, methods of identification, their proposed mechanisms of action and botanical sources for phytoestrogens. The effects of phytoestrogens on breast and prostate cancers, cardiovascular disease, menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis will also be examined including research on benefits and risks.

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Section: Osteoporosis/bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens: a review of the present state of research

Ososki

Kennelly

2003

Phytotherapy Research

401

278

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“…1) However, many women do not tolerate the numerous side effects, or are concerned about the possibility of increased rate of uterine and/or breast cancer. [2][3][4] So there remains a need for highly efficacious antiresorptive agents with an excellent safety and tolerability profile. Fortunately, the natural alternatives, phytoestrogens such as soy isoflavones, compounds that exert estrogen activity on several tissues and are thus being investigated as possible alternatives to HRT.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genistein Prevents Bone Resorption Diseases by Inhibiting Bone Resorption and Stimulating Bone Formation

2003

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Genistein, a soybean-derived isoflavone, has been shown to suppress osteoclastic bone resorption. To clarify the mechanisms underlying this action, we investigated the effects of genistein on the differentiation, cytoskeleton and function in mice osteoclasts in vitro and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Study design: Primary OCs were isolated from 3 week-old mice and induced by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . Then OCs were exposed to genistein at various concentration of 0 M, 10 ؊9 M, 10 ؊8 M, 10 ؊7 M, 10 ؊6 M, and 10 ؊5 M. The number of TRAP؉ cells were counted as well as the surface area of bone resorption on bone slice. F-actin change was observed by Confocal. In vivo, forty 12 week-old female SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) sham operated (Sham); (2) (OVX); (3) ovariectomized and treated with estradiol (OVX-E); (4) ovariectomized and received genistein (OVX-G). After 12 weeks, BMD, body weight, serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), osteocalcin (OC) , IL-1b b, TNFa a, IL-6 and calcitonin (CT) were evaluated. Femur were sectioned. In addition, the serum estradiol, the weight of uteri and histological behavior were also examined to indicate the side effect of genistein to the uteri. Results: In vitro, the number of TRAP؉ cells decreased depending on the concentration of genistein as well as the area of bone resorption. F-actin became disorder under Confocal. In vivo, after treated with genistein, BMD and the serum level of ALP, ACP, osteocalcin increased significantly, while the serum level of IL-1b b and TNFa a decreased. Especially, the increase of ALP and osteocalcin of OVX-G was higher than that of OVX-E. Histologically, the pachy-trabecula were observed as well as the more mineral deposition lines. Additionally, the uterus weight index and the serum estradiol in OVX-G rats were lower significantly than those of OVX-E. The epithelia of uteri gland in OVX-G appeared cubic while those of OVX-E became squamous. Conclusions: Genistein can prevent bone resorption diseases by the promotion of bone formation and the prevention of bone resorption with slight side effect.

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“…One study reports that ingestion of isolated soyabean protein over a 6-month period by post-menopausal women resulted in an increase in bone mineral content and the density of the lumbar spine at a dose of 90 mg isoflavones/d (Potter et al 1998). Studies in which biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured showed that consumption of 60-70 mg isoflavones/d over a 3-month period in post-menopausal women resulted in decreases in markers, including urinary excretion of D-pyridinoline and N-telopeptide, and urinary markers of bone metabolism (Scheiber & Rebar, 1999 The mechanisms through which phyto-oestrogens prevent bone loss are still unclear, but one possibility is that these compounds modulate cytokine production, which in turn regulates ostoeclast activity since genistein has been shown to stimulate the production of transforming growth factor β in osteoclasts (Kim et al 1998). Long-term studies are required to address the effect of phyto-oestrogen-rich diets on bone health, given the length of time required to observe physical changes in the bone and to elucidate the optimal dose required for bone health effects.…”

Section: Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyto-oestrogens through the life cycle

Cassidy

Faughnan

2000

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The growing interest in the role of phyto-oestrogens in human health has prompted scientists to evaluate the risk : benefit which would result from consuming high levels of these compounds at different stages of the life cycle. These compounds have been shown to exert a wide range of hormonal and non-hormonal activities in animals and in vitro, and these activities suggest plausible mechanisms for potential health effects in human subjects consuming phyto-oestrogen-rich diets. In addition, experimental and epidemiological data are available supporting the concept that phyto-oestrogen-rich diets exert physiological effects in vivo; however, their relative importance to human health remains to be elucidated. Our understanding of factors involved in their absorption and metabolism, including the role of intestinal microflora, is limited, and these factors together with dose-related effects may well be important in determining clinical efficacy.

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Isoflavones and Postmenopausal Bone Health: A Viable Alternative to Estrogen Therapy?

Cited by 63 publications

References 16 publications

Phytoestrogens: a review of the present state of research

Phytoestrogens: a review of the present state of research

Genistein Prevents Bone Resorption Diseases by Inhibiting Bone Resorption and Stimulating Bone Formation

Phyto-oestrogens through the life cycle

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