Isoflavone glycosides from the bark of Amorpha fruticosa

Abstract

Key words: Amorpha fruticosa, isoflavone glucosides, 3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,Amorpha fruticosa L. (Leguminosae) is a shrub that flowers in May to June and originates from North America. This plant has used as a chinese folk medicine for hypertension, hematomas, and contutions [1]. A. fruticosa was introduced to Korea through China in 1930s. Although numerous isoflavones [2], flavanones [3,4], and rotenoids [5-7] along with their biological activities have been reported from the fruit, leaf, and root of this plant, the chemical constituents in the bark of A. fruticosa have been less investigated.In this study, the methanol extract from the bark of A. fruticosa was separated by column chromatography and the four known isoflavone glucosides, 3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4′,6-dimethoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 4′-methoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and 3′,5-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-Dglucopyranoside (4) were isolated for the first time. Their chemical structures were identified by instrumental analysis using UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectrometer. 1: R 1 = R 2 = H, R 3 = OH 2: R 1 = R 3 = H, R 2 = OMe 3: R 1 = R 2 = R 3 = H 4: R 1 =R 3 = OH, R 2 = H

Methods for samples preparation in proteomic research

“…FFE separates charged particles ranging in size from molecular to cellular dimensions, according to their electrophoretic mobility or pI [227,250,251].…”

Searching biomarker candidates in serum using multidimensional native chromatographyI. Enhanced separation method

“…Sinapic acid was supplied by Fluka Chemie (Buchs, (1), a robot for carrying microplates (2), a turntable with ten parking places for microplates (3), and a CyBi-Well TM pipetting device (4). (5) One AEC-column array, and (6) represents a free place on the turntable for, e.g., a liquid reservoir (7). (B) Array of AEC columns.…”

“…Moreover, liquid sub-fractions are produced throughout. Applying these methods to high-throughput analysis may fulfill the quality criteria essential for multidimensional separation, i.e., resolution, reproducibility, recovery, robustness, simplicity, speed, selectivity, and sensitivity, quoted as "4RS criteria" [7].…”

The role of capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry to proteome analysis and biomarker discovery

“…For larger proteins, the ProteomeLab ® PF2D system (Beckman-Coulter), which is an automated, 2D fractionation system expressly designed for high resolution analysis of complex protein mixtures for down stream proteomic analysis that uses IEF in the first dimension followed by nonporous RP-HPLC selectivity, has been shown to work effectively and reproducibly separating basic proteins [118] as well as highly hydrophobic microsomal proteins [119].…”

“…However, there are issues of sensitivity, specificity, difficulty in maintaining the native state of the protein upon surface immobilization, and limitations of current arrays that must be overcome to achieve HT applications and minimize the occurrence of false positive and negative results [120]. The various advantages and disadvantages of application of several discussed protein technologies are summarized in Table 2 [108,119].…”