Isoflavone Content and Composition in Chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.) Sprouts Germinated under Different Conditions

Abstract

The influence of different germination conditions on isoflavone contents in chickpea sprouts was investigated in this study. Chickpea sprouts were germinated under different experimental conditions, including germination in the dark (GD), in the light (GL), under ethanol stress (GE), or under salt stress (GS) in the dark. The results demonstrated that the isoflavone contents in chickpea sprouts germinated with these various conditions significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to those in untreated chickpea seeds. The maximum amount of total isoflavones was obtained from chickpea sprouts in the GL group on day 8. The contents of formononetin and biochanin A in this group were 154 and 130 times higher, respectively, than in untreated seeds and 1.2 times higher than in sprouts in the GD group. Moreover, the isoflavone contents of chickpea sprouts in the GE and GS groups were also higher (p<0.05) than those in the GD group. A solution of 3% ethanol and 0.03 mol/L salt seemed to be the most optimal for isoflavone production among the solutions selected for this study. Most of the isoflavone contents significantly increased (p<0.05), especially formononetin and biochanin A, while the genistein content decreased with germination. Ononin, pseudobaptigenin, and glycitein glucoside acetylated were only detected in germinated chickpeas. This finding could expand the potential for the development of chickpea sprouts as a functional food.

Binding of Red Clover Isoflavones to Actin as A Potential Mechanism of Anti-Metastatic Activity Restricting the Migration of Cancer Cells

“…The LC-ESI-MS analysis of isoflavones was performed in accordance with Gao, Yao, Zhu and Ren [ 26 ] with some modifications using a liquid chromatograph equipped with a SPD M20A diode array detector and quadrupole mass spectrometer 2020 with an ion source of the electrospray type (ESI) in positive scan mode (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). A Kinetex C18 column (5 mm, 150 × 2.1 mm, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) was used.…”

Is Chickpea a Potential Substitute for Soybean? Phenolic Bioactives and Potential Health Benefits

“…One important field of research in the last decades has been the alteration of isoflavone contents and composition upon germination [92]. However, the available literature demonstrates that variations in the isoflavone contents and profile are dependent on the process [93,94]. Changes of the isoflavones content upon germination has very likely a genetic regulation explanation, although no QTLs/genes associated with this phenomenon have been reported so far.…”

Analysis of Isoflavones in Foods

“…The extraction of these samples, similar to soybean samples, is usually carried out using methanol:water mixtures, generally in a 80:20 (v/v) ratio (Aguiar and others ; Vila‐Donat and others ), in some cases with acidification of the extraction mixture (Konar and others ; Megías and others ). Other mixtures such as methanol:water 50:50 (v/v) (Mekky and others ), ethanol:water (80:20, v/v) (Nara and others ), and (70:30, v/v) (Fu and Zhang ; Gao and others ) have also been used.…”