Isoenzyme diversity in Reynoutria (Polygonaceae) taxa: escape from sterility by hybridization

Mandák, Bohumil; Berchová‐Bímová, Kateřina; Pyšek, Petr; Štěpánek, Jan; Plačková, Ivana

doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0316-6

Cited by 63 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the F. bohemica taxon exhibits a high genetic variation (Mandák et al 2005), due to its occurrence at three ploidy levels and because the hybrid has been produced a number of times at different places (Pyšek et al 2003). More information about the geographical interaction between Fallopia populations and potentially allelopathic Sambucus populations could be useful in formulating different evolution models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic effect of a native species on a major plant invader in Europe

Christina

Rouifed²,

Puijalon³

et al. 2015

Sci Nat

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Biological invasions have become a major global issue in ecosystem conservation. As formalized in the "novel weapon hypothesis", the allelopathic abilities of species are actively involved in invasion success. Here, we assume that allelopathy can also increase the biotic resistance of native species against invasion. We tested this hypothesis by studying the impact of the native species Sambucus ebulus on the colonization of propagules of the invasive species Fallopiaxbohemica and the subsequent development of plants from these. Achenes and rhizome fragments from two natural populations were grown in a greenhouse experiment for 50 days. We used an experimental design that involved "donor" and "target" pots in order to separate resource competition from allelopathy. An allelopathic treatment effect was observed for plant growth but not for propagule establishment. Treatment affected, in particular, the growth of Fallopia plants originating from achenes, but there was less influence on plants originating from rhizomes. By day 50, shoot height had decreased by 27% for plants originating from rhizomes and by 38% for plants originating from achenes. The number of leaves for plants originating from achenes had only decreased by 20%. Leaf and above- and below-ground dry masses decreased with treatment by 40, 41 and 25% for plants originating from rhizomes and 70, 61 and 55% for plants originating from achenes, respectively. S. ebulus extracts were analysed using high-performance chromatography, and the choice of test molecules was narrowed down. Our results suggest native species use allelopathy as a biotic containment mechanism against the naturalization of invasive species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic effect of a native species on a major plant invader in Europe

Christina

Rouifed²,

Puijalon³

et al. 2015

Sci Nat

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“…Similarly, only a single genotype of F. baldschuanica (diploid, 2n = 20) with hermaphrodite flowers was apparently introduced into Europe (Bailey 1994;Tiébré et al 2007b), but further investigations are warranted. In contrast, several genotypes of F. sachalinensis (tetraploid, 2n = 44) with either male-sterile or male-fertile flowers occur in Europe (Mandak et al 2005;Tiébré et al 2007b), and this species can therefore act as a pollen donor for F. japonica (Bailey 1994;Tiébré et al 2007b). Genetic analyses have indicated that the resulting hybrid F. 9 bohemica (hexaploid, 2n = 66) has a higher genetic diversity in Europe than both parental species (Mandak et al 2005;Bailey et al 2007;Tiébré et al 2007a).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, several genotypes of F. sachalinensis (tetraploid, 2n = 44) with either male-sterile or male-fertile flowers occur in Europe (Mandak et al 2005;Tiébré et al 2007b), and this species can therefore act as a pollen donor for F. japonica (Bailey 1994;Tiébré et al 2007b). Genetic analyses have indicated that the resulting hybrid F. 9 bohemica (hexaploid, 2n = 66) has a higher genetic diversity in Europe than both parental species (Mandak et al 2005;Bailey et al 2007;Tiébré et al 2007a). Only one individual of F. 9 conollyana (pentaploid, 2n = 54) has ever been found established in nature, and there is no information available on flower structure of this hybrid (Bailey et al 2007).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore resistance of invasive Fallopia species and their hybrids

et al. 2011

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Hybridization has been proposed as a mechanism by which exotic plants can increase their invasiveness. By generating novel recombinants, hybridization may result in phenotypes that are better adapted to the new environment than their parental species. We experimentally assessed the resistance of five exotic Fallopia taxa, F. japonica var. japonica, F. sachalinensis and F. baldschuanica, the two hybrids F. × bohemica and F. × conollyana, and the common European plants Rumex obtusifolius and Taraxacum officinale to four native European herbivores, the slug Arion lusitanicus, the moth Noctua pronuba, the grasshopper Metrioptera roeselii and the beetle Gastrophysa viridula. Leaf area consumed and relative growth rate of the herbivores differed significantly between the Fallopia taxa and the native species, as well as among the Fallopia taxa, and was partly influenced by interspecific variation in leaf morphology and physiology. Fallopia japonica, the most abundant Fallopia taxon in Europe, showed the highest level of resistance against all herbivores tested. The level of resistance of the hybrids compared to that of their parental species varied depending on hybrid taxon and herbivore species. Genotypes of the hybrid F. × bohemica varied significantly in herbivore resistance, but no evidence was found that hybridization has generated novel recombinants that are inherently better defended against resident herbivores than their parental species, thereby increasing the hybrid's invasion success. In general, exotic Fallopia taxa showed higher levels of herbivore resistance than the two native plant species, suggesting that both parental and hybrid Fallopia taxa largely escape from herbivory in Europe.

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“…The phenomenon of the Japanese Knotweed invasion of Europe has been well-studied and is well-understood (Bailey 1994;Mandák et al 2003Mandák et al , 2004Mandák et al , 2005. Basically, a male sterile clone of F. japonica var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%