Isoconversional kinetic analysis of novolac-type lignophenolic resins cure

Tejado, Alvaro; Kortaberría, Galder; Labidi, Jalel; Echeverría, J. M.; Mondragón, Iñaki

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2008.03.005

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In general, the E a values of the nanocomposites gradually increased as the degree of the conversion increased. A similar trend was also reported for novolak-type lignophenolic resins [20]. This result could be attributed to that the rate of conversion at the later stage of cross-linking was limited by the mobility of longer polymer chain [17].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Cure kinetics of melamine–formaldehyde resin/clay/cellulose nanocomposites

Park

Jeong

2010

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Cure kinetics of melamine–formaldehyde resin/clay/cellulose nanocomposites

Park

Jeong

2010

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

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“…Most of the techniques are limited due to the difficulty in handling a vulcanization compound system as it changes from a liquid‐like to a solid state. For instance, oscillating disc rheometry (ODR) , moving die rheometer (MDR) , Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) , solid state 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C‐NMR) , and DSC are typical characterization techniques used to describe vulcanization kinetics. Some of them are so common that they are now standardized, like ODR with the ASTM D208 and ISO 3417 and the MDR with the ASTM D5289 and ISO 6502 .…”

Section: Vulcanization and Ttt Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are multiple variations that allow the use of DSC measurements to determine vulcanization kinetics of crosslinking materials. For instance, Van Mele and coworkers monitored the reaction kinetics of epoxy–amine mixtures using quasi‐isothermal temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC), complemented with a non‐isothermal post‐vulcanization TMDSC experiment. Schawe et al performed DSC and TMDSC to obtain a better understanding of the curing process; they used isothermal curing experiments and estimated the curing time dependence of conversion from the heat flow measurements.…”

Section: Vulcanization and Ttt Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulcanization of EPDM rubber compounds with and without blowing agents: Identification of reaction events and TTT-diagram using DSC data

2014

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Vulcanization of industrial‐like ethylene propylene diene termonomer rubber compound is studied using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The analysis starts with DSC information to obtain the total transformation heat, followed by an isothermal‐dynamic temperature ramp that captures diffusion‐controlled reaction kinetics. The vulcanization is modeled by an auto‐catalytic Kamal–Sourour model, complemented with a Kissinger model for the prediction of one energy of activation, DiBenedetto's equation for the glass transition temperature, and adjusted reaction constants to include diffusion mechanisms. Two rubber formulations, with and without blowing agents, containing crosslinking agents, primary and secondary accelerators, activators, promoters, and processing aids are studied. The identification and separation of multiple reaction events, occurring during crosslinking of the compound without a blowing agent, is done through a 2k design of experiments. Time–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagrams are calculated, integrating the kinetic model, thereby delineating processability windows, providing avenues for optimization, design, and online processing control. According to the kinetics and the TTT diagrams, the blowing agent induces several differences to the vulcanization reaction: decreases reaction temperatures while increasing reaction heats. It eliminates the exothermic peak before vulcanization and decreases the fully cured resin's glass transition temperature. Therefore, the presence of the blowing agent drives a shift in the vitrification line, resulting in a reduced operational window. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2073–2088, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Curing kinetic parameters of thermoset polymers can be obtained from isothermal or dynamic data using this thermal analysis by applying several different methodologies [11,18]. Alkyd/melamine mixtures are very complex systems and the change in their activation energies depends on the conversion degree during the curing process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoconversional kinetic analysis of the alkyd/melamine resins curing

Jovičić

Radičević

Pavličević

et al. 2013

CI&CEQ

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The curing reaction for the mixtures of alkyd resins based on ricinoleic acid, phthalic anhydride and three polyols (glycerin, trimethylolpropane or ethoxylated pentaerythritol) with two different commercial melamine resins was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The curing kinetics analysis was performed using the isoconversional methods (Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Friedman). Isoconversional methods were carried out with three heating rates (5, 10 and 20°C/min) in a scanning temperature range from 40 to 250°C. It was found that the curing activation energy of resin mixtures is influenced by alkyd and melamine resin type due to the catalytic effect of hydroxyl group on the reactions. The dependence of apparent curing degree on time, which was obtained by mathematical transformations of dynamic DSC data using Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method, describes well the isothermal DSC experiments

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Isoconversional kinetic analysis of novolac-type lignophenolic resins cure

Cited by 39 publications

References 39 publications

Cure kinetics of melamine–formaldehyde resin/clay/cellulose nanocomposites

Cure kinetics of melamine–formaldehyde resin/clay/cellulose nanocomposites

Vulcanization of EPDM rubber compounds with and without blowing agents: Identification of reaction events and TTT-diagram using DSC data

Isoconversional kinetic analysis of the alkyd/melamine resins curing

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