Isoamyl acetate synthesis in imidazolium-based ionic liquids using packed bed enzyme microreactor

Sucrose Hydrolysis in a Bespoke Capillary Wall-Coated Microreactor

“…Numerous methods have been developed to immobilize biocatalysts in conventional reaction systems [18] and the same methodologies may be applied in microscale platforms. Nonetheless, in microfluidic devices, special attention has been given to both: the immobilization of biocatalysts onto particulate supports and their loading on a packed bed reactor configuration [13,14,19,20]; and to the immobilization of the biocatalyst on the inner surface of microchannels, so called wall-coated microreactors [15][16][17]21,22]. While back pressure issues and the complex liquid flow pattern observed on packed bed reactors are clear drawbacks that can limit scale-up, lower volumetric productivity may result of the use of wall-coated microreactors due to the lower reactive surface area available for reaction [17].…”

Continuous Lipase B-Catalyzed Isoamyl Acetate Synthesis in a Two-Liquid Phase System Using Corning® AFR™ Module Coupled with a Membrane Separator Enabling Biocatalyst Recycle

“…The second reaction is much slower; therefore, the fast increase in the isoamyl acetate yield in Figure 3 is due to the first reaction [10].…”

“…The esterification of isoamyl alcohol and acetic anhydride is a two-step reaction; the first reaction is very fast and exothermic and produces isoamyl acetate and acetic acid, which can then further react with surplus isoamyl alcohol, forming isoamyl acetate and water [10]. The second reaction is much slower; therefore, the fast increase in the isoamyl acetate yield in Figure 3 is due to the first reaction [10].…”

“…This compound is also used in the cosmetics [7] and pharmaceutical industries [8], as well as in solvent-based formulations for automotive, industrial, and wood paints and thinners [9]. Isoamyl acetate production by lipase-catalyzed esterification has been proved to be economically advantageous compared to extraction from natural sources or chemical synthesis [10]. Lipase-catalyzed isoamyl acetate synthesis has been performed in nonaqueous solvents [10][11][12], in solvent-free [9], or in two-phase systems [13][14][15][16][17][18]; in the latter, the interfacial catalysis as a consequence of an amphiphilic character of these enzymes is exploited.…”

“…Isoamyl acetate production by lipase-catalyzed esterification has been proved to be economically advantageous compared to extraction from natural sources or chemical synthesis [10]. Lipase-catalyzed isoamyl acetate synthesis has been performed in nonaqueous solvents [10][11][12], in solvent-free [9], or in two-phase systems [13][14][15][16][17][18]; in the latter, the interfacial catalysis as a consequence of an amphiphilic character of these enzymes is exploited. Benefits of using two-phase systems for enzyme-catalyzed reactions include increase of product and substrate solubility, shift of reaction equilibrium in the direction of esterification, and increase of selectivity towards a desired product [19].…”