Iso-Stoichiometric Ternary Blends of Gasoline, Ethanol and Methanol: Investigations into Exhaust Emissions, Blend Properties and Octane Numbers

Turner, James; Pearson, Richard; Bell, Arthur; Goede, Stefan de; Woolard, C. D.

doi:10.4271/2012-01-1586

Cited by 17 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This was a hypothetical approach for the study in E15 and E85 GEM blends [26]. In ternary blends equivalent to the E15, a small difference in the octane number was observed as methanol concentration was increased for GEM blends with same air-fuel ratio [26]. This was also found to be true for ternary blends of E85 [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…One of the useful properties of GEM blends is that the octane number remains constant across the entire GEM range for a fixed air-fuel ratio [14]. This was a hypothetical approach for the study in E15 and E85 GEM blends [26]. In ternary blends equivalent to the E15, a small difference in the octane number was observed as methanol concentration was increased for GEM blends with same air-fuel ratio [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other three combinations are defined in the Table 4. A study to investigate if nearly similar octane numbers existed for ternary GEM blends equivalent to E15 and E85 was conducted [26]. For E15 blend, experiments were performed and for E85, molar octane blending modelling was adopted [26]. This is due to standard ASTM methods not able to predict accurately the octane numbers with high alcohol concentrations [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colored blends (G89.5 E0 M10.5, G87.5 E4 M7.5, G86.8 E9.5 M3.7 and G85 E15 M0) represent one combination of GEM blends. Other three combinations are defined in the Table 4. A study to investigate if nearly similar octane numbers existed for ternary GEM blends equivalent to E15 and E85 was conducted [26]. For E15 blend, experiments were performed and for E85, molar octane blending modelling was adopted [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For E15 blend, experiments were performed and for E85, molar octane blending modelling was adopted [26]. This is due to standard ASTM methods not able to predict accurately the octane numbers with high alcohol concentrations [26]. The principal behind GEM blends is to replace the conventional fuels with more promising fuels without the need to update existing vehicle fuel infrastructure systems [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Auto-Ignition of Iso-Stoichiometric Blends of Gasoline-Ethanol-Methanol (GEM) in SI, HCCI and CI Combustion Modes

Waqas¹,

Naser²,

Sarathy³

et al. 2017

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Gasoline-ethanol-methanol (GEM) blends, with constant stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio (iso-stoichiometric blending rule) and equivalent to binary gasoline-ethanol blends (E2, E5, E10 and E15 in % vol.), were defined to investigate the effect of methanol and combined mixtures of ethanol and methanol when blended with three FACE (Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines) Gasolines, I, J and A corresponding to RON 70.2, 73.8 and 83.9, respectively, and their corresponding Primary Reference Fuels (PRFs). A Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine was used under Spark Ignition and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignited modes. An ignition quality tester was utilized in the Compression Ignition mode. One of the promising properties of GEM blends, which are derived using the iso-stoichiometric blending rule, is that they maintain a constant octane number, which has led to the introduction of methanol as a drop-in fuel to supplement bio-derived ethanol. A constant RON/ HCCI fuel number/derived Research octane number property was observed in all three combustion modes for high RON fuels, but for low RON fuels, the iso-stoichiometric blending rule for constant octane number did not appear to be valid. The chemical composition and octane number of the base fuel also influenced the behavior of the GEM blends under different conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%