Pain relief and improvement in quality of life are the main targets for treatment of chronic pancreatitis. The use of total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis is a radical and in some ways ideal strategy. However, total pancreatectomy is associated with severe diabetic control problems. Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation can relieve severe pain and prevent post-surgical diabetes. In islet autotransplantation, patients with chronic pancreatitis receive their own islet cells and therefore do not require immunosuppression. In the future, total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation may be considered a treatment option for chronic pancreatitis patients.