Island Biogeography

Yukawa, Junichi; Tokuda, Makoto; Kim, Wanggyu

doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6534-6_5

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Most gall midges distributed on the Izu Islands are common to Honshu and Kyushu, but species common to Okinawajima Island are rare (Tokuda 2014; Yukawa et al . 2021), probably because of the far distance between the two areas. Moreover, adults of S. castanopsisae are presumed to emerge in April, which is not the typhoon season, suggesting that strong wind from Okinawajima to the Izu Islands is unlikely to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2012a,b, 2013, 2015; Tokuda & Kawauchi 2013a; Tokuda 2014; Yukawa et al . 2021) and S. castanopsisae was recorded from Niijima, Shikinejima, Kouzushima, Miyakejima, Mikurajima, Hachijojima, and Aogashima (Tokuda et al . 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2018; Yukawa et al . 2021). Based on our observations, the population densities of S. castanopsisae are extremely high on some islands and almost no acorns were produced there in recent decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hundreds of billions of silent outbreaks: A historic outbreak record of the gall midge Schizomyia castanopsisae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the Izu Islands, Tokyo, Japan, and its potential mechanism

Tokuda

Kawauchi

Matsuda

et al. 2022

Entomological Science

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Herbivore outbreaks cause serious damage to forest trees. In recent decades, outbreaks of the gall midge Schizomyia castanopsisae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing inflorescence galls on Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae) occurred in the Izu Islands, Tokyo, Japan. We investigated the gall density on the islands and estimated the larval population on Miyakejima Island. We also surveyed seasonal changes in larval age structure, presence of natural enemies, larval cold tolerance, and thermal effects on the adult emergence. In addition, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses of S. castanopsisae populations among different localities. The gall density was particularly high in southern parts (from Miyakejima to Aogashima) of the Izu Islands. The gall midge seemed to have been expanding its range toward northern parts in recent years. On Miyakejima, the larval population was estimated to be approximately 158 and 36 bn in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Parasitoids were not found in the dissection of galls. A cold temperature treatment did not affect the percentage of adult emergence. Developmental zero and thermal constant during the period from larval departure to adult emergence were estimated to be 4.7 C and 588.2 C-days in males and 7.4 C and 476.2 C-days in females, and the adults were predicted to emerge in April. Populations in Kyushu were genetically distinct from those in Okinawajima and the Izu Islands, but a common haplotype was found between the latter two localities. These imply that S. castanopsisae on the Izu Islands may be a recent invasion, and the absence of natural enemies causes its outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%